Cheri Bantilan discusses Blood Sugar Regulation with Dr. Ben Weitz.

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Podcast Highlights

2:48  A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is a device that place on the back of your arm or your abdomen and it measures your glucose through the interstitial fluid of your body every 5 to 15 minutes. The two main companies that make these are Dexcom and Abbott.

4:50  The most important values to look at with a CGM are fasting glucose, average daily glucose, and postprandial glucose, which is after a meal, typically for two hours, and finally there is glycemic variability. 

6:32  Fasting glucose levels should be between 70 and 90 for a healthy person and average daily glucose, which takes into account fasting levels, sleeping levels, and eating, is ideally below 105 for a healthy person.  We would not want to be a flat line.

8:16  After a meal, ideally we would like these postprandial levels stay below 140 and we would like to see values come back to normal within 2 to 3 hours.  If it is taking longer, this could be because there was a lot of fat in the meal, but having your glucose spike above 150 and stay there for 4 hours is not good and we need to make some changes.

9:38  Some Type II Diabetics can get their fasting glucose levels below 90 if they are properly managed

 

 



Cheri Bantilan is a registered dietician who works with Nutrisense, which is a company that helps patients to use a continuous glucose monitor and to interpret the data to optimize their health.  

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also specializing in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure and also weight loss and also athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Dr. Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness Podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest in cutting edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness Podcast for weekly updates and to learn more, check out my website, drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me. Let’s jump into the podcast.

Hello, Rational Wellness podcasters. Today, I’m excited that we’ll be having an interview with Cheri Bantilan from NutriSense, and we’ll be discussing the use of a continuous glucose monitor and how this tool can help us to better manage our blood glucose levels for optimal health. Obviously, this can be super important in helping to manage patients who are diabetic or pre-diabetic, but it can also be part of a program for optimal health, for longevity, as well.  As we know, there’s many studies correlating lower levels of insulin and better managed blood sugar with less inflammation. There’s even some data that we’ve discussed previously on the podcast, linking it with potential lower risk of cancer. For longevity purposes, better managing your blood glucose levels is an interesting thing to take a look at. It’s one of the reasons why eating a lower glycemic carbohydrates and perhaps some of the specialized lower carb diets have been shown to have some benefits for overall health.

Our special guest today is Cheri Bantilan and she’s a registered dietician who works with NutriSense and NutriSense is a company that helps patients to use a continuous glucose monitor and to interpret the data to optimize their health. A continuous glucose monitor is a device typically worn on the back of the arm or on the abdomen that monitors your glucose continuously all day and night. When interpreted properly, can help you to learn how your blood glucose levels respond to eating certain foot foods, meals, timing of meals, activities, exercise, stress, sleep, and this fits very nicely into the functional medicine model with aims, not just outpatients with their symptoms, but to use the right testing to get to the root cause of their health issues. Welcome, Cheri.

Cheri:                   Thank you. Thank you so much for having me here. I’m super excited to be here.

Dr. Weitz:            Excellent. Can you explain what a continuous glucose monitor is and which of the devices on the market do you find the most helpful or accurate?

Cheri:                   Great question. The continuous glucose monitor or CGM as we like to call it for short, is a small device that you basically put on the back of your arm or your abdomen, as you mentioned. It’s painless to insert there. If people are familiar with checking their blood glucose levels, they’re probably really familiar with glucometers where you have to use a needle and prick your finger and check your blood in that sense. No needles are involved.  You basically insert the device on your arm and depending on the device that you have, it measures your glucose through the interstitial fluid of your body every 5 to 15 minutes. Therefore, you get this nice plotted line of continuous data, which is really nice. It’s pretty insightful. It’s like having real time data for yourself. As I mentioned, there’s a couple of devices out there.

The two main companies that make them are Dexcom and Abbott. There’s a FreeStyle Libre, which is what we use at NutriSense. Then, there’s the Dexcom. Then, there’s various different devices between those two companies but our company currently uses the FreeStyle Libre. Both devices are very accurate in assessing changes in real time for your glucose. Each company has their own calibration system. At our company, we do find that many members have a fasting glucose lab value or a glucometer home. We also have a feature where you can manually calibrate your sensor to those metrics as well.

Dr. Weitz:            Interesting. When do you think of the most important times to look at for understanding our glucose levels? People often talk about the fasting level, which is when you get up in the morning prior to eating, the postprandial level, which is two hours after eating, other diabetics check it prior to eating meals. When do you think is the most significant, important times?

Cheri:                    That’s a really good question. There are three major trends that we actually like to follow. As you mentioned, one of them is fasting glucose value. I would also like to tag on average daily glucose value on that and kind of keep them in the same realm. Then, the next one would be, so that would be any, so fasting glucose would be anything without food or drink for at least eight hours. Typically, it’s in the morning for most people.

The next one would be postprandial responses, which is after meal responses. We like to look at what your pre-meal value was and then that two-hour period after you eat. We’re looking at all those metrics within that time. Then, the last one, which is actually very unique to wearing a CGM would be glycemic variability or standard deviation.  You can actually only get this metric if you are wearing a CGM. If you have a glucometer at home, you can’t get your standard deviation just because you don’t have that continuous data, but those are the three metrics. The standard deviation is more of a metric that comes over time. It’s not like a one stamp time type of metric. It’s really useful for measuring your glucose fluctuations or swings.

Dr. Weitz:            I’m pretty familiar with what we see as a good level or an optimal level for the fasting glucose. That’s typically what we measure when we do lab testing. How does that compare with average glucose levels? We typically think of somewhere between 70 and 90. I know there’s different ranges that people consider optimal for fasting glucose levels. Well, first of all, what do you consider optimal for fasting glucose levels, I guess for healthy person versus maybe a pre-diabetic or diabetic? Then, how does that compare with what we see as average glucose levels over the course of the day?

Cheri:                    Yes. We agree, for optimal values for a healthy person, we like to see fasting level values between 70 and 90 majority of the time. Obviously, we know that glucose fluctuates and there’s reasons why it may be higher or typically higher for some people, depending on various influencers but typically we do want to see them between 70 and 90 most of the time.  Now, daily average glucose would be something that takes into the count your entire day. That would take your sleep average and the rest of the day. We like to see those values below 105. Just a little bit higher, you’re kind of taking into account the rest of the day while you’re eating. It’s very normal when you’re eating for glucose to go up. We don’t expect it to be a flat line ever. We don’t want that. Average glucose, we like to see below 105.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. What should be the highest level we should see glucose levels rise after a meal and ideally how long should it take to come back to the previous baseline level?

Cheri:                    Yeah, this is a really great question. This is one of, probably my favorite things to kind of look at and assess is different meal responses. It can vary depending on the meal content, meal timing, what you did before and after. It’s pretty interesting to see, but in general, we like to see, again, for a healthy individual, we like to see postprandial responses stay below 140 the majority of the time. Then, we also look at how long it takes for your values to come down.  We like to see values return back to baseline or back to your pre-meal value between two to three hours. If it’s taking longer than that, there are nuances. Maybe you had a lot of fat in that meal. It’s just taking the glucose longer to digest and be absorbed. That fat is prolonging that response, but there’s different reasons why a response would stay longer. What we don’t want to see is having your values spike to 150 and staying up there for four hours. That would be something that we would be like, “Okay, let’s look at this. Let’s dive deeper into this because maybe there’s something else going on.”

Dr. Weitz:            Would you say with the two type two diabetics that you manage, do their levels typically go back to fasting levels or is that sort of once they start eating, it’s always a little bit above that?

Cheri:                    It depends on their health history and how well their diabetes is being managed. If it’s pretty well managed, yes, we do actually see values come back down and whether that’s through lifestyle factors or medication, it’s being managed and you’re seeing those values in that normal curve that we like to see. For individuals who don’t have their diabetes managed that well, it takes a long time for their values to come back down.  That’s when we would try to intervene through lifestyle interventions, with diet, exercise, sleep and stress levels, making sure all of those components are coming together to make sure that their body is working as efficiently as possible.

Dr. Weitz:            What you’re saying is for a type two diabetic, it’s really not unreasonable for us if they’re properly managed, if they’re really taking care of all the lifestyle and other factors that we know can play a significant role that their fasting glucose levels should consistently be below 90?

Cheri:                    That’s tricky. I think that depending on where they are, it is very possible. It is very possible. I feel like a lot of the times when people come to us and they have a diagnosis of type two diabetes, they’ve been dealing it with for a long time, they feel like that is the end result. However, we can reverse this. We know that insulin-resistance can be reversed. It does take time just as it took time to have it progress. It takes time for it to reverse. It does take time, but it is possible.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. That should be the goal. We shouldn’t like say, “Well, because you’re diabetic, if you get it to 105, fasting, that’s probably the best we can do.” I mean, we might have to accept that after a period of time, but.

Cheri:                    Yeah. Depending how long they have been dealing with this and how long it’s been unmanaged. There may be nuances where maybe we may never see it go below 90, just because there is a history of damage there physiologically, but that doesn’t mean that you don’t try for optimal. It doesn’t mean that you can’t achieve something close to it.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. There’s something that most people have heard of called the glycemic index or the glycemic load. This is basically a measure of how quickly different carbohydrate foods are going to cause your blood sugar to spike. Of course, this is an average. The glycemic index is based on a 50-gram sample. That’s why it came out with a glycemic load, which maybe is more going to reflect the amount of the carbohydrate that somebody might eat in a meal but from your experience working with hundreds, maybe thousands of patients, how much variability is there in the glycemic index when we see that say, sweet potatoes are low glycemic, how often is that, how often do you see patients respond differently to different carbohydrates…

Cheri:                    Yes. It’s fantastic.

Dr. Weitz:            … than we would expect from the glycemic index?

Cheri:                    Yeah, absolutely. It’s quite impressive at how everybody has a unique response, truly. People often use a glycemic load or glycemic index as maybe like a first next step just maybe they’re just trying to get used to navigating a low carb diet or whatever it may be but I always say to test it out.  Everybody has their own unique response. Don’t guess, just test, that’s our little slogan that we like to use because it is so true where everybody has a unique response. Yes, people may have different health backgrounds and different situations where other factors may come into play but it’s really very fascinating to see how one food, for example, for me bananas, they spike me. I can’t eat a banana without spiking me, without a huge, huge spike, but for a colleague of mine, she eats bananas and it’s totally fine.

Dr. Weitz:            Hey, I heard her say that.

Cheri:                    Yeah, and it’s totally fine.

Dr. Weitz:            I think [crosstalk 00:14:14] Dr. Ruscio’s podcast.

Cheri:                    Yes. I’m jealous. No, it’s fine. It’s really, it’s not a big deal but it’s just shows it’s very interesting how there’s two people who are around the same age, very similar backgrounds that we just have different responses.

 



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Dr. Weitz:            I don’t know if you’ve looked into this, but do you think or have you seen that the way people eat and/or digest your foods matters? If you eat quickly, maybe you don’t have good digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid function. Maybe you’re not going to break it down as quickly or somebody who chews their food for a longer period of time in a more relaxed manner, have you seen that that makes a difference in glycemic response?

Cheri:                    Yes, absolutely. It’s actually very interesting. If somebody, for example, rushes through their meal, we tend to see or I have tend to see a lot of people actually have higher responses because it’s rushed. They’re not relaxing during their meal. Maybe it’s more of a stressful environment. They tend to have just more, I don’t want to say aggressive, but just larger response to this versus someone who’s taking their time, having a relaxing moment and similar, this is maybe [crosstalk 00:16:53].

Dr. Weitz:            Do you think that’s more likely related to say, cortisol levels or stress or is it have to do with how much you’re breaking down the food as compared to not breaking down the food particles?

Cheri:                    I would say that in that moment, if someone’s rushing, it would probably be more related to stress. If somebody has a history of any GI issues, maybe dysbiosis inflammation, that would be something that’d be related to more on that side of the spectrum where it’s maybe a little bit more physiological versus, well, stress is physiological too, but something that’s a little bit more physical in the terms of something else is going on in your body versus a stressful moment and it’s more acute.

Dr. Weitz:            What about GI motility? Would we expect patients with SIBO, for example, to have a higher glycemic response or would we expect SIBO patients with diarrhea to have a different glycemic response than SIBO patients with constipation?

Cheri:                    Yeah, that’s a good question. We do know that there is some research out there that indicates were GI issues such as SIBO does have an impact on glucose. Typically, with issues like this, it does end up being where glucose levels are higher and they have higher responses. Again, that’s just more of an issue with malabsorption or things that should be regulated and working efficiently and it’s not. Yes, all of that comes into play, it’s very, yeah.

Dr. Weitz:            Like with slower GI motility mean they’re going to… I have seen some data that correlates SIBO with constipation or IBS with constipation with gaining weight, because of the slower motility, you absorb more of the calories from the food. Would it be the case that you also absorb more of the carbohydrates and see more of a blood sugar spike?

Cheri:                    Yeah. I’m not sure on the specifics on that particularly. SIBO in itself is like another, a whole another ball game I feel like and the different types of SIBO, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Right.

Cheri:                    There’s different, like hydrogen-dominant, methane-dominant, hydrogen sulfate, right? There’s so many different types. In general, if they’re not able to break down, I guess what your question is, if they’re unable to break down their food, would that cause a higher response? Is that [crosstalk 00:19:32]?

Dr. Weitz:            If they have a slower motility, would they absorb more of the carbohydrates from the food?

Cheri:                    Yeah, that’s actually a good question. I haven’t really looked into that specifically, but from what I’ve found working with SIBO patients, I will say more that they tend to have higher glucose values. The actual mechanism, I’m not too sure, but yeah it’s a good theory.

Dr. Weitz:            When eating a meal, does it matter what part of the food you eat first? If you’re having a meal with protein and vegetables and maybe some starchy carbs, I’ve always eaten like the protein first and then the vegetables and then the sweet potatoes thinking that I want to get the good stuff in there first but do you think that affects the glucose response?

Cheri:                    Yeah, absolutely, 100%. We’ve done numerous experiments with this with our own numbers. Then, even on top of that, there’s a ton of scientific articles on that, where meal timing or meal content does matter. Having your protein first, and then maybe having, like you mentioned, your non-starchy vegetables or something, maybe with fiber and then your carbs. We tend to tolerate carbs a lot better as a second or third thing to eat in.

Dr. Weitz:            Cool. Let’s talk about glucose changes that occur with working out. Let’s say, I go to the gym and I have a pretty intense workout for an hour, mostly lifting weights, how does that affect my glucose levels?

Cheri:                    Yeah. It’s very common to see a lot of people they’re exercising pretty intensely. You can see your glucose spike an increase pretty high, actually. Sometimes we see levels all the way up to 160 and it can be completely normal. You really only [crosstalk 00:21:26].

Dr. Weitz:            Are you’re talking about during the workout or after the workout or when?

Cheri:                    During the workout.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay.

Cheri:                    During the workout, we’ll see a big spike and completely normal. What we want to avoid is any, we don’t want to frequently hit levels above 180 because that’s when you may be actually causing vascular damage, but if it’s spiking to anywhere below 180, and it’s a pretty intense workout, very, very common, it’s likely, what’s happening is it depends.  If you’re working out in a fasted state, liver and muscles are likely breaking down glycogen to provide better energy for your workout. If you’re working out in a fed state, you’re likely using that food that you just ate for your energy instead, but it in general if anytime you see a spike from a very intense exercise, it’s probably twofold. It’s probably just overall the stress on your body, but to your energy demands are exceeding energy availability so your body is just using those mechanisms in place to provide that energy needed.

Dr. Weitz:            It’s actually a good thing because you have these stored carbohydrates, your muscles need the glucose right then to function. It’s mobilizing that glycogen. It’s getting into the bloodstream. That’s why you’re seeing this spike, but then the muscles are utilizing it, so over a longer period of time, that’s a good thing, right?

Cheri:                    Yes, exactly. We’ll see that transient increase during exercise, but then overall a lower pattern for the remainder of the day. Just a side note on that, when we see these exercise spikes, it’s not the same mechanism. It’s not the same mechanism, I should say, as a glucose spike from food. The majority of glucose spikes and the glucose disposal that we see from exercise is noninsulin-mediated, while with food, we do need that, the insulin. It’s a little bit different mechanisms there as well.

Dr. Weitz:            Potentially, that’s beneficial because while all peptides, hormones are complicated and have probably beneficial and negative effects, in general, you don’t want a lot of insulin around because it tends to be inflammatory?

Cheri:                    Correct. It’s one of those things where you want enough of it to get the job done, but you don’t want too much of it. Correct.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Right. How do different forms of exercise affect glucose levels? Let’s say, we have heavyweight lifting, we have high intensity interval training, we have lower intensity cardiovascular training.

Cheri:                    Great question. Typically, for any type of zone two training, thinking about this is something like a walk, something that’s pretty leisure, we may see glucoses either stay the same or have a slight dip. Think about anything low intensity, that’s kind of what you’ll see, a level or maybe a little bit of a dip for strength workouts. That’s something that’s a little bit more intense.

We expect to see a slight increase in glucose for something that’s high intensity depending and it all depends on the duration as well, but for something that’s short, high intensity, we do expect to see maybe more of a moderate to large spike and then anything that’s really long and very high, for example, maybe like a 45 minutes and above type of workout. It depends on the person. It depends on what type of fueling they did before.

I usually recommend for people to just test what they usually do out, and then we look at the glucose data and then we can kind of adapt from there and figure out meal timing from there because what we want to do is make sure that for these long workouts, their energy is sustained and they’re able to have these quality workouts. They’re not as bonking, so to speak, but we’re also not overfueling as well, right? It’s always that tough balance.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Typically, when glucose levels go up due to a higher intensity workout, how long do they usually take to come down?

Cheri:                    It’s actually not very long at all. It almost looks like a meal response. It’ll typically come down. It’ll peak maybe right at the peak of their workout and it’ll come down within the next hour or so. It doesn’t last long at all. It looks very similar.

Dr. Weitz:            An hour after they finish the workout, it’s probably back to normal?

Cheri:                    It’s probably back to normal, I would say like one to two for the-

Dr. Weitz:            One to two hours?

Cheri:                    Yeah. For the CGM, there is like a, because it measures interstitial fluid, there is a little bit of a delay between actual blood glucose, usually 15 to 45 minutes. It’s like to give that-

Dr. Weitz:            Interesting, 15 to 45-minute delay.

Cheri:                    Yeah. There is a little bit of a delay. We’ll always like to give that buffer, but in general, yeah, it comes back down fairly quickly. If it is prolonged, I would probably look deeper into maybe recovery, maybe the recovery tips or whatever they’re doing for recovery isn’t as they need to kind of tweak that a little bit.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Let’s talk about stress and glucose levels. I know one of the things I’ve seen sometimes working with some diabetic patients is sometimes they’ll see their fasting glucose levels higher than they should be based on everything they’re doing in terms of their diet and sometimes stress will be a factor.

Cheri:                    Yes, absolutely.

Dr. Weitz:            We’ve correlated it sometimes with the bigger increase in cortisol levels in the morning.

Cheri:                    Yeah. That’s often referred to as the dawn phenomenon where you see this rush of hormones, cortisol, adrenaline, all these kind of things. It’s kind of like your wake up hormones, but for individuals who have diabetes, what happens is those hormones are released, it causes a release of glucose, but then it just stays elevated. That is very common in the diabetic community, but stress does play a huge role in anyone. It can have a huge or very profound impact on your levels. The body copes. If you think about what the body is doing when it’s under stress, it’s increasing your glucose output. It’s releasing all that from the liver. Then, at this same time, insulin sensitivity is also reduced.

These two things combined cause glucose to stay in the blood and it’s very important if we’re running away from like a lion or something, but we were not really doing that anymore. We’re kind of sitting at our computers as maybe we have a stressful meeting, but we’re not running away from anything. It’s helpful, but acutely, it doesn’t have too much of an issue. There’s not much things that we can do about it, but what we get concerned about is those chronic stressors because that’s when it’s just, it can get dysregulated.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. What have you found are the most beneficial ways to deal with that sort of issue?

Cheri:                    For more chronic stress, we really rely on creating a really good stress management plan for many people. For example, I work with a number of surgeons and obviously they have a very high stress job. It’s really interesting to see that every time they go into surgery, they’ll note it and you can see that when they start the surgery, their glucose levels will go up sometimes by 30 points and it’ll stay elevated for several hours. Then, as soon as their surgery is done, it’ll go back down. While, again, one of those things where they can’t [crosstalk 00:29:24].

Dr. Weitz:            Somehow, I can’t see all these surgeons popping cortisol manager capsules before or during their surgery.

Cheri:                    Meditating during their surgery, exactly. Those are more edge cases where it’s very acute and we know what the stressor is. Oftentimes, it’s taking away the stressor, that’s what’s the biggest, the most helpful thing. However, it’s their occupation. A little bit of a different case, but for most people it’s figuring out what the stressor is and trying to find some type of technique, whether it’s breathing techniques, meditation, yoga, going outside, going for a walk, it works. Something’s different for everybody. Whatever sticks is what’s going to be helpful long term.

Dr. Weitz:            What about when people sleep? What is typically their glucose pattern?

Cheri:                    Yeah, sleep is pretty interesting. We do know that poor glucose control or elevated glucose values impact sleep, and it’s a bidirectional relationship. Poor sleep also impacts glucose values unfortunately. Poor sleep could be from anything, right? It could be from chronic stress. It could be from maybe not getting enough sleep, maybe it’s disrupted sleep, like you having more fragmented sleep. Those are all stressors that can impact an affect glucose values.  Again, it’s one of those things where you have to, there’s things that we can do from a nutrition perspective where it’s worth timing, right? Meal timing and so if we find that your values are elevated overnight, and that’s what’s causing you to have poor sleep, let’s play around with the macro NutriSense content of the meal, let’s move the meal up earlier. Let’s do things like maybe go for a walk after your meal so we can get those glucose levels down.

If it’s more of for other reasons, sleep hygiene tips are always helpful and implementing that is always helpful. We can, we often discuss that with our members just to make sure they have a good wind down and sleep hygiene routine. It’s all these things are cumulative effect. I feel like a lot of times people undermine sleep and stress, but it has such a huge impact. Really taking the time to dive deep into these is best for longevity, not just your health, but for longevity.

Dr. Weitz:            Sometimes if you’re working with, say diabetics, especially diabetics who are taking insulin, whether they’d be type two or type one, sometimes the glucose level’s going too low during sleep is a problem as well.

Cheri:                    Yeah, absolutely. At our company, we actually don’t take any members who are actively taking insulin, but absolutely we do have a lot of members that aren’t on insulin, but have issues with hypoglycemia at night. Again, so it’s kind of the flip side, right. We’re working on, again, same things, macro content, meal timing, and how we can make those levels steady so you’re not waking up at night. There’s a lot of people that don’t realize that they’re waking up because their glucose levels are low. We see both sides, yes for sure.

Dr. Weitz:            How does drinking a glass of wine affect blood glucose levels?

Cheri:                    That’s a great question. Yes, it’s not uncommon for people to, of course, have a glass of wine on a Friday night. Oftentimes, when they do that, the next morning their values are elevated. They’re very surprised about that. I always like to remind members that it’s completely normal. It happens. Basically, your body, in a nutshell, your body, there’s no place for your body to store alcohol. It’ll always prioritize breaking down alcohol before other substrates. It’s very common to see elevated values the next day with any type of alcohol that you drink [crosstalk 00:33:08].

Dr. Weitz:            But you’re saying the next day, right?

Cheri:                    Typically, it depends. Yeah. Typically, it’s the next day.

Dr. Weitz:            Right? Because I think what’s in common thought patterns out there, what I hear people say is, “Well, alcohol turns into sugar.” I think they’re thinking that you’re going to get this rapid rise, but it turns out alcohol, I mean, unless the alcohol you drink can contain sugar, it actually doesn’t turn into sugar. It gets metabolized differently, right?

Cheri:                    Correct. If you’re having something typically like wine and anything, that’s hard liquor, we do actually see a dip in glucose. Then, we see those elevated levels of that the next day. For things that are like sugary cocktails, because as you mentioned, there’s actual sugar and things added in there that would impact your glucose very quickly.  We we’ll sometimes see like those higher levels and then the dip and then higher levels but it depends on the type of alcohol. Wine is very common. One that we see people drink or beer is very full of carbs. Typically, beers also drinking with other high carb foods like beard pizzas are very common combination. You’ll see elevated values probably right after the meal and overnight and into the next day,

 



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If you go to chilisleep.com and you use the affiliate code, Weitz20, that’s my last name, W-E-I-T-Z, 20. You’ll get 20% off a chiliPAD. So, check it out and let’s get back to this discussion.



 

Dr. Weitz:            Now, explain physiologically why you would see elevations in glucose levels the following day after drinking a glass of wine with your dinner?

Cheri:                    Great question. As I mentioned, it depends on the alcohol that you’re drinking but many people will see that glucose elevated because your body is basically prioritizing down that alcohol over normal glucose production. The studies that we have on this show that alcohol temporarily impairs the normal functions in the liver to moderate normal glucose levels. It balances that insulin and glucagon.  It appears that what happens is when you drink alcohol, it temporally interferes with liver gluconeogenesis, which is making more glucose and glycogenolysis, which is breaking down stored glucose. What happens is the liver prioritizes breaking down that alcohol over other normal homeostasis functions because the alcohol doesn’t have a place to be stored in the body.

Dr. Weitz:            This has been described in some articles as drinking a glass of alcohol prior to a meal reduces postprandial glucose response as possibly a positive thing but you’re saying it’s actually a negative thing?

Cheri:                    Yeah, it’s a funny. I have seen things like that and I have seen people thought processes in that way as well. I will say that everybody has a different alcohol threshold. I wouldn’t use drinking alcohol as prior to a meal, as a technique or tactic to [inaudible 00:37:36] your values but some people get away with it.

Dr. Weitz:            Now, the reason why the glucose levels go up the next day is because it took that long to process the alcohol or it’s because it wasn’t processing the carbohydrates until later?

Cheri:                    Yeah. Basically, everything is pushed back, right? Your body is prioritizing the alcohol, it’s breaking that down. Then, you have all this leftover glucose in your body from eating, whatever you were eating, maybe you’re eating pizza. You have all that leftover glucose in your body. It’s just hanging out there. That’s what we’re seeing, right? Your body’s just wasn’t able to prioritize that because it was prioritizing alcohol.

Dr. Weitz:            In a functional medicine world, and I’m sure, a lot of consumers as well, we often use specific nutrients to help with the management of glucose insulin levels like berberine, cinnamon, chromium, vanadium. Have you seen, looking at patients with a continuous glucose monitor that any of those specific nutrients have a particularly beneficial effect?

Cheri:                    Great question. The one that I, the supplement that I have seen have the most impact would be berberine for sure. I typically, if individuals are pre-diabetic or they’re having really high values, and we’re doing all the lifestyle factors and they just need that extra push, we discussed that with their physician as well to see if they’re a good fit but that is the one that I see to be most effective majority of the time.  There are some studies that show that like cinnamon, ALA, chromium, things like all that, all those things, bitter melon is another common one. There’s less studies on that. I haven’t seen, also probably like a dose factor. A lot of people, the effective dose of cinnamon for impacting glucose people probably aren’t consuming. You have to kind of keep in mind-

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Meaning, maybe some of the studies show two to three grams and people are probably consuming milligrams.

Cheri:                  Yeah. They’re probably sprinkling it on their coffee. They’re not eating a ton of it.

Dr. Weitz:            Right.

Cheri:                  The other one that people do often, and I have seen it’s kind of a mixed bag but this one is apple cider vinegar. Sometimes people will use that as a tactic in their salads. It’s common. It’s easy to add. That has shown some impact as well for some people, but it’s not, the most effective one that I’ve seen consistently is berberine.

Dr. Weitz:            On the berberine, can you comment about dosage and frequency?

Cheri:                  Yeah, absolutely. Therapeutic dose would be about 500 milligrams, two to three times a day. The most common, majority of the studies on berberine are done in type two diabetics. I always like to make sure that the member who is doing it is aware of that. The most common symptom with taking berberine is just some GI upset. If anyone ever experiences that, that means just it’s a sign that you just need to back up a little bit on the dosage and you should be taking it with food as well.

Dr. Weitz:            Do you recommend before or after the meal, with the meal, and do you ever go to a 1,000 milligrams or higher dosages and have you seen a beneficial effect with that?

Cheri:                  Yeah, that’s a good question. I typically only recommend staying around that 500 milligrams, two to three times a day, just because of the GI issues that a lot of people do experience with higher dosage and yes, always with meals. It doesn’t matter if it’s before or after, as long as you’re not taking it on an empty stomach.

Dr. Weitz:            I’ve seen studies that show that A, that berberine has a similar effect to metformin. I’ve also seen studies showing that taking berberine with metformin actually enhances the effects. Can you comment about that? Have you had any experience with type two diabetics who are taking metformin also taking berberine?

Cheri:                  Yeah, that’s a good question. You are completely right that the mechanisms are very similar. Berberine has very similar mechanisms to metformin, which is why it seems to work so well. Also, a side note on that, sometimes if anyone is taking it out there and they’ve been taking it for a couple days, sometimes it can take a couple weeks for it to show any type of effect.  With that being said, I always, always double check with the member that they’re touching base with their physician, if they’re taking metformin and berberine just because it’s two medication/supplements that have the same effect. We want to make sure that, we want to have glucose levels manageable, but we don’t want it to be dipped too low as well. I always refer to the physician in terms of medication and if it’s okay with them, and they can take berberine at the same time, then I’m all for it but I never recommend taking it at the same time without touching base with their physician.

Dr. Weitz:            [inaudible 00:43:04] the same, of course, we always want to check with their physician and patient should always check with their physician before taking any supplements, even if their physician doesn’t know anything about them. Sometimes, I’ll include a paper that they can [crosstalk 00:43:25] their physician.

Cheri:                  About what it is.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. Let’s see. I think those are the main questions I had. I often use berberine as part of a longevity program as well because metformin’s often used off-label for longevity purposes as well.

Cheri:                  Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:            Can you explain a little more about what your company does exactly?

Cheri:                   Yeah. NutriSense is a company that where you can get CGMs from. Basically, historically, CGMs are only used in the diabetic population, but we have found that it’s a very great tool to be used for optimizing health and for preventing progression of specifically insulin-related diseases as well.

Dr. Weitz:            You’re saying for the average patient out there, they can’t just buy one at the pharmacy?

Cheri:                   Correct. You cannot get this over the counter. You do need a prescription. What our company does, it takes care of that prescription for you. You go to our website, there’s a form that you fill out to make sure that you meet certain criteria. Our team looks at that. Then, we take care of that prescription for you. The CGM is sent right to your door. Every person, every member that has a plan with us, will get a dietician, a complementary dietician for one month. And so you have to [crosstalk 00:44:54].

Dr. Weitz:            Do you have to have blood sugar problems or pre-diabetes or diabetes to get one?

Cheri:                   Nope.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay.

Cheri:                   You don’t have to have any of those … We have exclusion criteria, which is basically you can’t be actively pregnant. You have to be over the age of 14. You can’t have actively be on any type of cancer treatment. Those are the basics of the exclusion criteria but other than that-

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Biohackers qualify.

Cheri:                   Yeah. Biohackers, if you are interested in wanting to, I don’t, there’s a lot of people that are interested in meal timing with exercise, enhancing their exercise performance and they don’t have any type of health history. All types of people we work with.

Dr. Weitz:            That’s cool.

Cheri:                   That’s fun.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay, great. How can our listeners and viewers find out about your company? I don’t know if you want to give them your contact information as well.

Cheri:                   Yeah, absolutely. To sign up, you can just go to www.nutrisense.io and all of our plans are listed on the website. You can definitely choose one. Then, from there you’ll fill out the form. It’s pretty self-explanatory and it’ll be shipped right to your door and you’re paired with a dietician. Of course, if you want to work with me or want to work with somebody that you’ve heard of, [inaudible 00:46:17] you can always request that as well but other than that, it’s pretty easy. The website’s pretty easy to follow and you can-

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah. How does your company interface, say, with functional medicine practitioners?

Cheri:                   Yeah. Great question. A lot of the dieticians that we have, have a functional background. In fact, I want to say majority of them have a functional background. We are very-

Dr. Weitz:            What about functional medicine practitioners who don’t work for your company?

Cheri:                   Yeah, absolutely. We do have affiliates and we do work with them. If that’s something that you’d like to provide like a code for your members or for your clients, we can definitely set that up for you and we can get a code for you. We can touch base with our marketing team and get that for you and your clients.

Dr. Weitz:            How would that work out exactly?

Cheri:                   We would just give a code. At checkout, it would be probably like your last name and then that when they check out they get like a 20% discount or something like that. It depends on what it works out to be, but-

Dr. Weitz:            Would we be involved in the recommendations that they get?

Cheri:                  The member or the client has always, if they want to share it with you, they can definitely share it with you. Then, if they want, as far as like the dietician working with the functional medical practitioner, we don’t have an interface with that at the moment, but usually what happens is the member or the client is that medium between the two.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Yeah. You might consider that in the future.

Cheri:                  Yeah. Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay, great. Thank you Cheri, for joining us.

Cheri:                  Thank you so much for having me. It was really fun.

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah. I had a good time too. I’ll send you links to the podcast when we posted it in a few weeks.

Cheri:                  Okay. No problem.

Dr. Weitz:            Hopefully, you can share that with your followers.

Cheri:                  Yeah, absolutely.

Dr. Weitz:            Thank you.

Cheri:                   Absolutely. Thank you so much.

Dr. Weitz:            Have a nice day. Okay.

Cheri:                   You too. Bye.

 


 

Dr. Weitz:            Thank you for making it all the way through this episode of the Rational Wellness Podcast. If you enjoyed this podcast, please go to Apple podcast and give us a five star ratings and review. That way, more people will be able to find this Rational Wellness Podcast when they’re searching for health podcasts. I wanted to let everybody know that I do now have a few openings for nutritional consultations for patients at my Santa Monica, Weitz Sports Chiropractic in Nutrition clinic. If you’re interested, please call my office (310) 395-3111 and sign up for one of the few remaining slots for a comprehensive nutritional consultation with Dr. Ben Weitz. Thank you and see you next week.

 

Dr. Angela Lucterland discusses Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis with Dr. Ben Weitz.

[If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.] 

 

Podcast Highlights

4:15  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common autoimmune disease and in the US it accounts for about 95% of cases of hypothyroid. [Hakuru Hashimoto was a Japanese MD and researcher who discovered Hashimoto’s Disease and published a paper on it in 1912.]  In general, the conventional medical profession diagnoses hypothyroid via an elevated TSH and prescribes thyroid medication, typically synthetic T4.  If you don’t test the antibodies, then you will miss the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s and taking thyroid medication will not fix the autoimmune component.  Antibodies are often present 10 years or longer prior to enough tissue damage for someone to feel it, which gives us a huge opportunity to treat it with a Functional Medicine approach.  A full thyroid panel should include TSH, Free T3, Free T4, reverse T3, and TPO and TGB antibodies.

6:03  It is important to run both of the thyroid antibodies–both the TPO and the TGB antibodies, even though high TPO antibodies are more common.  Ideally we would like to see their labs improve, their symptoms improve, and also see their antibodies go down, then we know that they are improving.

7:05  Dr. Lucterland considers a TSH above 2 or 2.5 to be significant, though it may be useful to measure the TSH several times, since there can be some fluctuation of TSH levels.  Also if you take vitamins with biotin, it can affect the measurement of TSH levels, so you should probably avoid taking multivitamins or other vitamins with biotin for a week prior to testing. 

11:31  For patients that require thyroid medication, Dr. Lucterland feels that most patients do better with natural thyroid, like Armour vs synthetic T4 like Synthroid, since these natural products have not only T4, but they also include a little T3, which usually makes patients feel better.

13:37  Besides giving thyroid medication, since Hashimoto’s is an autoimmune disease, we need to restore barrier function and restore self tolerance.  We need to remove environmental toxins and pathogens. 

14:45  To get an idea of barrier function, Dr. Lucterland likes running a comprehensive stool analysis and she includes zonulin, which is a marker for leaky gut, though it is marker that tends to fluctuate quite a bit.

19:15  Before she runs the stool test, Dr. Lucterland will do a month of Lifestyle Intervention, so she will often start with the paleo diet

 



Dr. Angela Lucterland is a Doctor of Chiropractic and a Functional Medicine practitioner with a specialty in treating patients with autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Her website is AngelaLucterland.com.

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also specializing in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure and also weight loss and also athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:                            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness Podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest in cutting edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness Podcast for weekly updates, and to learn more, check out my website drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me. And let’s jump into the podcast. Hello, Rational Wellness podcasters. Today, I’m excited to have an interview with Dr. Angela Lucterland on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Dr. Angela Lucterland is a doctor of chiropractic and a functional medicine practitioner with a specialty of treating patients with autoimmune conditions. Dr. Lucterland, thank you so much for joining us today.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Thanks for having me.

Dr. Weitz:                         Great. So before we get into the topic of this discussion, perhaps you can tell us a bit about your journey and how you came from being a chiropractor to getting into functional medicine.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah, so everyone has a unique journey and mine just happened to be on the way to medical school like a lot of people that wanted to be in healthcare and help individuals. And there was this moment of truly applying to school and deciding to leave where I was like, I don’t want to prescribe meds every day. I don’t know what I’m going to do. I actually thought public health may be an avenue for me. So I joined the Peace Corps. I went to West Africa and did public health initiatives over there. And when I was over there, I had a dear friend of mine that went to college with me that got cancer for the second time. And it’s one of those things where you get that message and then you look around and you’re like, nobody here has an autoimmune disease. Nobody here has cancer.  They may die of an infectious disease and lack of antibiotics or trauma or something like that, but it’s a very different world, right? And it started me thinking. And when I went back to the United States, I obviously had a very big road ahead of me to say, “How am I going to influence the health of individuals moving forward?” I’m not in Africa, it’s not an infectious disease problem. It’s a chronic disease problem, basically ruining our quality of life. And I was introduced to a chiropractor and gave he me a book on the philosophy of root cause medicine. And that was the rest of the story.

Dr. Weitz:                         Great. So that’s before you became a chiropractor or are you-

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yep. That was between undergrad and then going to my doctorate, I spent some time in Africa and as a chiropractic student, I did clinical rounds in Vietnam for a while. So same thing. We’re going to talk about some thyroid conditions, but you see goiters and stuff when you go to these types of developing countries and what is the intervention over there versus what is the intervention over here? And a lot of it has to do with, what does the lifestyle look like for these people? What are you actually dealing with? And it’s just different in a developed country, for sure.

Dr. Weitz:                         So you went into chiropractic because you wanted to get into Functional Medicine?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Always. Yes. And at that time, I mean, now there’s tons of programs and things you can do to get certified, but at that time, chiropractic was probably the most recognized alternative healthcare profession that I was aware of at that time.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right. Great. So you actually never practiced musculoskeletal-

Dr. Lucterland:                 I did.

Dr. Weitz:                         Oh you did. Okay.

Dr. Lucterland:                 I did. I did for about seven years, I did them both, which that’s tricky. If you can figure out how to do them both, great. But I’ll tell you, when I moved from doing both to just doing functional medicine, I was having some of my old chiropractic patients show up and need functional medicine for things. And I’m like, “Why don’t you tell me about this three years ago?” And they see you as a musculoskeletal doctor many times.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:                         Yeah. I’m doing both. I treated 20 chiropractic patients before we did this interview today. So let’s talk about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Okay.

Dr. Weitz:                         Who’s Hashimoto?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I don’t know. I don’t know. It sounds like a-

Dr. Weitz:                         I think it’s some Japanese scientist, or maybe it’s a town in Japan or something like that. Anyway, it’s the most common autoimmune disease. How do we determine if someone has Hashimoto’s?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. So this is a huge deal and I’m sure your audience knows this, but it’s worth repeating. Most, most hypothyroid conditions are actually Hashimoto’s undiagnosed.

Dr. Weitz:                         Most conditions in the United States. Yes.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah, yeah.

Dr. Weitz:                         Maybe like 95%, right?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Correct. So many people. And I mean, if all I had to do was niche down and do one thing every day for the rest of my life, and I had all the tools available to me, it would be hypothyroidism because this is such a big area with such a big impact for so many people, especially women, especially women who have children, and what happens is conventional medicine is testing TSH. They’re using an abnormal range for what is normal for that. And they’re just saying, “You either are hypothyroid or you’re not,” and prescribing some type of thyroid medication. And when you start to dig further, you realize many times that’s not solving the problem. TSH isn’t thyroid in general. And if you’re not testing the antibodies to the thyroid, you’re completely missing the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s and thyroid medication will not fix Hashimoto’s. So when you think about antibodies being readily identifiable for 10 years prior to enough tissue damage for someone to feel it, we’re missing a huge opportunity to really intervene for these people.

Dr. Weitz:                         So what do you consider a full thyroid panel?

Dr. Lucterland:                 So obviously TSH gives you some indication, but then your free T3, free T4, reverse T3, I don’t always run it, but it is a good marker to figure out whether or not someone has inflammation and oxidative stress playing a part in it, TPO antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay, great. So between the TGB and the TPO antibodies, which one of those do you think are more significant and what levels are you looking at that really spark your interest?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I think just like any lab, I don’t know what is perfect for one person. So I’ve seen people be out of range, but actually be very stable and fine above what would be considered abnormal for both of those antibodies. And I’ve also seen the opposite. So I tend to run the test, identify whether or not they’re in range, couple it with their symptoms, and then I look for patterns in progress. So if they’re feeling better and their antibodies are going down, we know we’re moving the needle, right? So I wouldn’t say that I am super specific to which one matters more than others, I would say most people would probably say TPO in the case of Hashimoto’s, but I’ll tell you, sometimes those are completely normal and the thyroglobulin antibodies are the problem. And if I didn’t run both, I missed it. Right.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right. So once we find out that somebody has Hashimoto’s what’s the typical form of treatment?

Dr. Lucterland:                 So-

Dr. Weitz:                         And let’s start with a patient who has some of the symptoms of hypothyroid and what, by the way, when it comes to TSH, what do you consider the optimal range? Or what do you consider to be out of range that would warrant potentially taking thyroid medication? Because there’s a lot of controversy over what the TSH range should be like 2.5, I mean, 0.5 to 3.5 to 2.5 to 4 to 4.5, it’s all this controversy over what’s considered the normal range.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Right. And again, the person in front of you is going to give view an idea of how they feel, which you can never discount that. I will say sometimes I have people that their TSH is higher than I would like to see it. And they’re telling me that they feel normal. Now, TSH fluctuates constantly. So just like a lipid panel, you got to take that into consideration. If you do have an abnormal reading, which I would consider anything above 2.5 to be abnormal, however, people usually feel their best 2 or less, obviously not too low, but for Hashimoto’s, I would say anything above 2, 2.5 would be my upper limit. And if they’re not telling you that they feel bad and they’re actually above that, if you ran it again, you may find that it’s a fluctuation. So sometimes if that’s not correlating with one another, I will rerun the test.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right.

Dr. Lucterland:                 And I have to say this, because I think sometimes educated people, especially now that you can do lab testing on your own in many regards or doctors that are unaware, if we’re giving our patients supplements with biotin or B vitamins, so your prenatal, your multis, your B complex, because they’re tired, all of this stuff, something for their hair because it’s been falling out, it impacts not the actual thyroid function, but it impacts the testing assay. So it will give you abnormal readings if they’re on biotin. So I usually tell people don’t take any supplements for like a week before you run your labs, just to make sure that the labs that we’re getting are accurate to your physiology and there’s not any interventions with the assay.

Dr. Weitz:                         Yeah. I’m aware of that, but it’s not clear to me, do we know exactly which tasks are impacted by biotin and which labs, is it any lab that’s running thyroid? Or is it just a certain methodologies that…

Dr. Lucterland:                 That’d be a great question for the labs to answer, but my understanding is it’s TSH pretty much across the board.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay. And do we know if they’re taking biotin, would the TSH go up or down?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I think it goes up. It goes up.

 



Dr. Weitz:            Interesting. I’ve really been enjoying this discussion, but I’d like to take a minute to tell you about a new product that I’m very excited about. I’d like to tell you about a new wearable called the Apollo. This is a device that can be worn on the wrist or the ankle, and it uses vibrations to stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system. This device has amazing benefits in terms of getting you out of that stressed out sympathetic nervous system and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. It has a number of different functions, especially helping you to relax, to focus, to concentrate, get into a deeper meditative state, even to help you sleep, and there’s even a mode to help you wake up. This all occurs through the scientific use of subtle vibrations.

                                For those of you who might be interested in getting the Apollo for yourself to help you reset your nervous system, go to apolloneuro.com and use the affiliate code, Weitz10. That’s my last name, WEITZ10. Now, back to the discussion.

 



 

Dr. Weitz:                           When it comes to patients who need thyroid medication, do you have an opinion about what’s the best type of medication that typically works?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I do. It’s a little bit biased just from my own clinical experience, but I feel like a marriage between T3, T4, like an Armor or Nature-Throid is usually what people feel-

Dr. Weitz:                         A natural thyroid. Right.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yes. However, if somebody doesn’t have conversion issues like in their liver, if that’s all working great and they don’t have high levels of inflammation and they have nutrients, sufficiency of vitamin A and iron and all of that stuff, they may do okay with something like synthroid or levothyroxine. I just find that most people feel the best if they have a little bit of T3 in there. Now if it sends them into palpitations and sweating and whatever, then you know, okay. Maybe you’re a different one.

Dr. Weitz:                         And by the way, these natural formulations like Armour or the other formulations Westhroid, et cetera, they not only have T4 with some T3, there’s some T2, some T1, there’s some other nutrients in there that may be beneficial as well.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. I think as natural as possible, right? And I heard someone say this and I wish I could remember who it was so I could give them credit, but I did think it was a good analogy for people to think about. Like when we think about taking medication for cholesterol or something like that, we’re really taking a medication that’s blunting something or changing the physiological process of creation or something like that. But with thyroid, it’s sort of like taking vitamin D in the sense that you are supplementing something you don’t have enough of, but you’re not really interfering with physiology. So they can be a good adjunctive intervention, while you’re are trying to clear up immune system dysfunction. I mean, with Hashimoto’s, you’re really trying to address the immune system, but it’s sort of like giving them a natural thyroid medication in the meantime, until we can get theirs fixed and the immune system quit attacking it and all of that kind of stuff, it’s really not doing any harm long-term.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right. Okay. So besides giving them thyroid medication, what are the other important things we want to do to help effectively manage patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I would say it’s not specific to Hashimoto’s, it’s just pretty much any autoimmune disease that you have. You need to restore barrier function and restore self tolerance. There’s two things you need to think about when you’re doing that. One is the removal of any toxicity, which could be something like environmental toxins, pathogens, something we call PAMPs, pattern recognition receptors will go crazy over those molecular patterns, but then also creating sufficiency. So this is where diet becomes such a big deal. If you don’t even have the building blocks to create the hormones or to be the co-factors for the enzymes to convert them and all of that, then you’re really never going to get anywhere. So sufficiency, removal of toxicity in order to restore barrier function and self tolerance in my opinion have been the two biggest things. I have a couple other opinions too, but those are big.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay. So why don’t we start with barrier function? What are you talking about?

Dr. Lucterland:                 So I love comprehensive stool analyses for this. However, I would say that comprehensive stool analyses are really just about a 20% snapshot of accuracy of that actual microbiome of what’s going on, but it does give me markers that always change. And I’m big on like trying to predict, oh, I think this person has this or that. Wrong. And I’ll tell you every single time I run one, I do something a little bit different than if I hadn’t run it. So for me, it gives me information, whether it be a pathogen or an imbalance in the microbiome or digestive issues, eosinophil protein X, or secretory IGA or something like that gives me some type of information. Even beta glucuronidase is a big deal, right? You can run zonulin on a comprehensive stool analysis. So I do it, I will say though, I don’t love it. It’s another marker that fluctuates constantly, and I feel like it doesn’t always correlate to what I already know.

Dr. Weitz:                         By the way, for those who don’t know, zonulin is a marker for leaky gut. And so, barrier function, you’re referring to leaky gut, you’re referring to hyper permeability of the intestinal tract.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Exactly. So your cell lining in your gut is one cells thick and they touch each other. And for them to open up and let appropriate nutrients through and whatnot, zonulin regulates that opening. Now, I will tell you, some leaky gut or permeability is completely independent of zonulin. So you can have things just go straight through an enterocyte as well. So there are pitfalls to running zonulin, and I would say the gold standard, if you’re really looking at barrier function or tight junction structures, you would run something like antibodies, maybe to LPS. So LPS is lipopolysaccharides, which is a portion of a gram negative bacteria wall. Now, the reason that’s important is because it happens to be probably, I hate to say definitives, but one of the most immune stimulating compounds that exists, sometimes they add it to vaccines and whatnot as an adjuvant, we give it to rats to study autoimmune disease in them. So it is a potent immune stimulator and it’s very big. So when you-

Dr. Weitz:                         Is that a test that you run?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I don’t do a ton of it. This is why I’m saying, if I make the assumption that anybody that I have identified as an autoimmune patient has lost barrier function. If someone-

Dr. Weitz:                         Meaning, i.e., they have leaky gut.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yes. If somebody wants to have more definitive markers around that, I would say run something with antibodies against actin, myosin, all of the tight junction structures and potentially antibodies to LPS. That will tell you. LPS should never be in the bloodstream. So if you’re seeing antibodies to LPS, you know a huge molecule has gotten through these tight junctions, even in a leaky scenario. I mean, it’s huge. So that’s very definitive, but for me, I’m making that assumption with autoimmune patients that that’s the case, because that’s how the inappropriate immune response of self tolerance has happened.

Dr. Weitz:                         Who offers antibodies to LPS?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I believe Vibrant does, Cyrex does. And for Cyrex, it’s array 2. I think it’s the Wheat Zoomer, Gut Zoomer with Vibrant.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. So I think gut testing is my favorite. If all I did though-

Dr. Weitz:                         And what’s your favorite gut test or stool test?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I like the comprehensive stool analysis, the GI Effects from Genova. And like I said, it’s because it gives me a good picture of tons of things that I can intervene on. Everything from digestion to inflammation to potential pathogens, not just confirming leaky gut.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right. I tend to use the GI Map.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Okay. Yeah. People really like that too.

Dr. Weitz:                         Similar. Okay. So-

Dr. Lucterland:                 Although does that one have beta glucuronidase?

Dr. Weitz:                         Yes.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Okay. Did they add that?

Dr. Weitz:                         It’s been available for at least several years.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Okay. Okay.

Dr. Weitz:                         Yeah.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:                         So we’re looking at leaky gut. We’re going to do a stool test, try to improve the health in a microbiome, try to shore up the leaky gut. So we’re going to use some protocols there. What else do we want to do to try to intervene to the underlying potential root causes of this autoimmune condition?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I would say before I even run a stool test, I do a good month of lifestyle intervention. And the reason I do that is because it’s sort of like in the musculo-skeletal world, if you hurt your back from deadlifting or something like that, you can’t just go back the next hour and do more deadlifts to an injured back. You have to remove the offender or the trigger. And for many people, a chronic source of immune trigger is dietary proteins or inflammatory compounds or toxins in their food. So there’s got to be, in my opinion, an overhaul that gets me at least to a foundational set point where when I run a stool test now, which changes in the matter of 24 hours, when you eat something different, right? I want it to tell me what’s happening in you when you’re already eating appropriate things. I don’t want to know what your microbiome is when you’re eating crap. I already know it’s crap. You know what I’m saying?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I want you to take away some of the triggers and start to eat some nutritious and healthy food. And then we’ll take a picture of what your microbiome’s doing, because literally within 24 hours, you can change your microbiome just by changing what you eat.

Dr. Weitz:                         So how do you decide for each person what’s the best diet?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I always start with a paleo diet. I’m partial to that simply because the removal of gluten and dairy and just processed foods in general, many people have heard of the Whole30. That’s another really great one with tons of resources if you’re looking for just like a programatized thing to do and it’s doable, right? When I first started doing this, it wasn’t common for there to be gluten free foods in the aisles and all these cookbooks and things like that, but it was doable to say, just eat meat, vegetables and fruits, nuts and seeds. That’s it. Like, that’s all you got to eat. When you get more intricate into the AIP or the autoimmune protocol, it’s a more strict version of that. I will say in Hashimoto’s I don’t like people to go super low carb because thyroid function does somewhat rely on carb thresholds, the conversion of T4 to T3 does.

So I find that when people go super low carbs, so that’s one adjustment I sometimes make, but that’s a good standard one. Now, if we were talking about Crohn’s today or ulcerative colitis, I would choose a different one just because the nature of where it’s occurring. But for Hashimoto’s and most thyroid or most autoimmune disease, I would say paleo is a good start.

Dr. Weitz:                          Some people recommend avoiding certain foods that are called goiterogens.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. I don’t subscribe to that. So I’ve been doing it a long time and I know it was something that was thrown around in the media for a while and then people got really scared about eating broccoli and cauliflower or broccoli sprouts. And quite frankly, I think it’s been disproven quite a few times, but I just never saw it clinically being an issue either. And if it was, I mean, you would have to just eat so much. It’s ridiculous. And there’s too much benefit to having sulfur compounds and raising glutathione status and things like that that I just, sulforaphane, I just wouldn’t have people stop eating those.

Dr. Weitz:                          What do you find are the most common food sensitivities that trigger Hashimoto’s?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I don’t love food sensitivity testing, simply because if you have a leaky gut, you’re going to come back with 50, 100 foods. So that maybe that’s the poor man’s version of a leaky gut test, right? If that’s what you run. And you’re like, “Oh my gosh, I got to avoid all these things.” It’s really not that you’re sensitive or allergic to all these things. It’s more of an indicator that tons of food proteins have actually gotten into the bloodstream where they should have never been in the first place and your body responds appropriately and says, “Hey, you shouldn’t be here. Let’s make an antibody.”

Dr. Weitz:                          So fix the leaky gut.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Fix the leaky gut and you fix the food sensitivities. The ones that never really go away though often, which this is where people have the question, is this a lifelong diet for me or whatnot? I would say, if you have an autoimmune disease, you should probably avoid gluten and dairy forever. And I’m just saying that because if you don’t, then you could have a relapse or a flare. I mean, you already have susceptibility to that in your genetics, and once you’ve started the roller coaster, sometimes you’re on it. And while it can be managed, it’s just one thing that why would you introduce a trigger?

Dr. Weitz:                          You mentioned, when we were talking off air before we got started, that you often find certain chronic infections to be triggers for Hashimoto’s. Can you talk about that?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. I love the idea of molecular mimicry, which is just really an amino acid sequence, where there’s only, like what? 20 amino acids to choose from. When you think about molecular mimicry and amino acid sequences, they can overlap between food, our own tissues, infectious agents, like bacteria, viruses, et cetera. And so I know that there’s known overlap with some specific organisms, but I don’t think we’re there yet to be saying that these infections mean this is a likelihood. I know H. Pylori is a common one that people talk about, but I would say any infection in general is a driver of immune response and addressing any infection is going to be good practice just for inflammation levels and everything.

Dr. Weitz:                          Do you do any testing when you suspect there might be an underlying infection, either test for infections or test for antibodies to infections?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I do run testing. Sometimes I find potential pathogens within the GI tract. So that’s on a comprehensive stool analysis. Sometimes I run antibodies or titers for things like Epstein–Barr, obviously H. Pylori is something a little bit different too, but you can do that a million different ways. Sometimes antibodies are tough because it means you have immune memory of something doesn’t mean activity currently.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Right? So.

Dr. Weitz:                          If you find some evidence of some chronic infections that you think might be playing a role as triggers for their autoimmune condition, how will you typically address these?

Dr. Lucterland:                 So if it’s bacteria or virus or potentially a parasite or a fungus, you use a little bit different compounds. In the world of natural medicine, a lot of antimicrobial compounds are antimicrobial to all of those things. So it can be an easy choice to use things like, goldenseal and uva ursi and berberine and that sort of thing.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay.

Dr. Lucterland:                 But if you’re using a pharmaceutical, then obviously you’ve got to make a decision based on the type of pathogen, right? I’ve even used phages. I don’t know how much you’ve used phages in practice.

Dr. Weitz:                         I did a few years ago, but I kind of fell out of it. You like those phages?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I do sometimes, when you find gut pathogens. It was the original antibiotic, right? You have to have a specific phage for a specific infection. So it doesn’t have quite broad [spoff 00:26:34] like an antimicrobial agent, like thyme, oregano or something would, but they can be helpful.

Dr. Weitz:                         So which particular products are you using?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Oh, wow. So I love Candicid Forte as an antimicrobial in general. Obviously the name suggests that it would be antifungal, but I do really like that nutrient profile as an antimicrobial. Ortho Molecular has another one called Paracid Forte. So that’s a really a mixture of antiparasitics. And they have a product called Intestin-ol too, which is a combo of thyme, oregano and one other essential oil, which if someone has recurring or chronic infections, sometimes there’s a biofilm component to that. And if you don’t sort of get through the biofilm when you’re treating, then they can have these quiescent cells there at the bottom, but then just kind of reinfect in its new cycle. So I do like those products. I use one actually from Body Ecology called EcoPhage for the phages personally, but those are some I like.

Dr. Weitz:                          Does that-

Dr. Lucterland:                 Biocidin is always a good one.

Dr. Weitz:                          … Does that have more than one phase or?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yes. Has four, I think.

 



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Dr. Weitz:                           What about environmental chemicals, like BPA or heavy metals? Do you find that these are sometimes triggers for Hashimoto’s?

Dr. Lucterland:                 So I care about all kinds of toxins for various reasons, but I would say I’m a super stickler for things that compete for binding with iodine and things of that nature. So things like fluoride is a big one, and you can find fluoride in tons of things, not just toothpaste or at the dentist, it could be in your water, it could be in black tea, it could be in medications. I mean, there’s a laundry list of medications that actually have fluoride on them, which is crazy, but that type of thing is important to address.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yes. Certain antibiotics and et cetera.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:                          So the reason why you’re concerned about fluoride is because it’s in a category of substances known as halogens, which also includes bromine and chlorine. And all these substances compete with iodine, which is a necessary ingredient for thyroid hormone.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Exactly. And so this is where it starts to become a large topic. And when people hear it all and they’re unfamiliar, they go, “Oh my God. Well, what do I focus on the most? Like, what’s the most important.” And I always say, “The one that’s causing you the problem.” And it’s impossible to know until you try to get yourself at a reset. Now, if you tell me you never use fluoride, you have your water filtered and you don’t go in chlorinated pools and whatever, well, then we can rule maybe that being a huge deal for you. But the one that matters the most is the one that’s causing you your problem. So you’ve got to kind of go down the laundry list with them. What are your hormones like? What’s your stress like? What’s your diet like? Do you have infections? What’s your [nuity 00:31:14] product regimen? What’s your environment? And you have to kind of then hone in on the areas that they are telling you have a bunch of red flags.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right. So what do you think about iodine for patients with Hashimoto’s?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Way to be controversial. I go both ways. Sometimes I find that it doesn’t matter at all really in the presence of selenium. And I don’t notice that it causes any abnormal or deleterious impact in my patient. And sometimes it does. And if it does, then we avoid it. Although I’m not shy about using it in the beginning, I guess.

Dr. Weitz:                         You’re talking about typical dosages, like 100, 200-

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yes. I wouldn’t mega dose. I would not mega dose. Yes. But just typical, like 200 micrograms in the presence of adequate selenium. Lots of times, I see people okay with that.

Dr. Weitz:                         Right, yeah. I actually have some Hashimoto’s and never had any thyroid symptoms. And I tried to high dose iodine and it’s… For several years, my TSH was like seven or eight and then one year it went up to nine. So I decided to try to high dose iodine. It went up to 25, so.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Wow.

Dr. Weitz:                         So I stopped the high dose iodine, bumped up my selenium, my vitamin D, my zinc and did some gut work. And I got it down to 4.5, but I tried the 12.5 milligram iodine, because some people claim that might be beneficial. I never recommended it to patients and I never will.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Right. Yeah. No, that is probably a no for me, but-

Dr. Weitz:                          I always like to try everything on myself first.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Me too. And I get a bunch of flack for that because it’s like, “Well, you don’t fit the patient demographic.” I said, “I know,” but what I wouldn’t do for myself, I wouldn’t do for anyone else. And N equals one means N could equal many, for many people. So something’s really great, and this is where the art of medicine comes in. You’re not going to have the perfect protocol, you’re not going to have the perfect person telling you the exact thing that works for everyone. It just doesn’t work like that. So people have to be willing to work with their doctor and the doctor has to be willing to experiment, when something isn’t working, with options.

Dr. Weitz:                          What other nutritional supplements have you found to be helpful for Hashimoto’s patients?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Well, they mostly focus on either restoring gut barrier function. So that’s a lot of the things you hear about probiotics, glutamine, immunoglobulin. So as I mentioned, LPS is one of the most potent immune stimulator. And If you’ve got leaky gut to the point where LPS is turning it on, just binding LPS in the gut lumen with something called serum-derived bovine immunoglobulins can have a profound effect on allowing that patient’s immune system at the barrier to just settle down enough to heal.

Dr. Weitz:                          So SBI Protect?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I like SBI Protect. Yep. And so that’s sort of like a borrowed immune system in the same way colostrum is, but there’s no dairy to it. So if these people are trying to avoid dairy for the immunogenic effects we spoke about, then using a serum-derived version of that. And the binding capacity studies show that it binds to way more than LPS, right? If toxins, H. Pylori, tons of different components. So it can be a safety net for people. So that type of intervention with gut healing. And then the one that I find that many people overlook, at least when I’m working with clinicians is mitochondrial support. So mitochondria are integral in immune function and even T-cell differentiation or how you see a pathogen and respond to it. And then whatever you tell your T-cells to turn into, are they turning into TH1 or TH17 or whatever. All that to happen appropriately requires mitochondrial function. T-cell surveillance requires mitochondrial function. So if you’re not supporting the mitochondria and filling up metabolic reserves for them to do their job, then I feel like you kind of maybe miss some of the modulating impact that they-

Dr. Weitz:                          So what are some of the key nutrients for mitochondrial support? Obviously we have CoQ10.

Dr. Lucterland:                 CoQ10. I would say ALA, acetyl-l-carnitine, because that shuttles the free fatty acids in for use, and acetylcysteine, which we all know more about that now that we ever imagined we needed to, but those are important. I was going to-

Dr. Weitz:                          Actually NAC seems to be… I think if we have a nutrient of the year, maybe zinc is the nutrient of the year, but other than that, NAC, it’s amazing how many benefits NAC has.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yes.

Dr. Weitz:                          And yet apparently the FDA is considering taking it off the market.

Dr. Lucterland:                 They’ve been saying that stuff forever. I don’t buy it. I mean, I know some people have taken it off of their selling platforms out of fear, but until there’s a letter, I don’t, a real letter, I don’t see it, but. Well, yes-

Dr. Weitz:                            Well actually, if we could figure out how that happened, we should do that with all the nutrients. I’d be happy if Amazon stop selling everything.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Right? That happened because, do you want to know how it happened? So somebody was selling it for hangovers. Well, in the supplement world, you can’t use a structure function claim that says it’s a drug that treats something. So they got in trouble for saying that it treated something. And that caused them to send a letter. And the letter then trickled into anyone selling it for drug related purposes will be shut down and whatever. And obviously the platforms have a lot invested in people purchasing through them. And so they was like, “No one sells NAC now.” But really it came from somebody saying it treats hangovers.

Dr. Weitz:                            But apparently the information I’m getting now is that the FDA has reviewed NAC and they’re saying that it was approved as a drug. The supplement industry need to prove that it was in common usage prior to that approval use as a drug. Otherwise, it’s going to be taken off the market and only used under prescription.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. And that’s the game, right? How much has something been used before you altered it a little bit or used it as a drug? Are you going to say the same thing about fish oil, now that SLSs can be sold as a prescription?

Dr. Weitz:                          Well, there are certain vested interests that would be very happy to have all those nutritional supplements taken off the market and only sold as prescription drugs.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Right. And until then, they can tell everyone that they don’t work.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yes.

Dr. Lucterland:                 So yeah. I think-

Dr. Weitz:                          When’s the next JAMA article that’s going to tell us how vitamin D, fish oil and magnesium are all bad for you?

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. But so from mitochondrial perspective, I do think NAC, ALA and acetyl-l-carnitine as high dose as a trio. I don’t know if you’re familiar with Dr. Kaiser’s work. He used to work with HIV patients and he was trying to figure out how to restore CD4, CD8 counts in them. And he used a dosing of those big nutrients. There was another set of nutrients that were just foundationally-

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. Did hear about this. Yeah.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yes. And within 12 weeks, he was able to restore immune markers through this mitochondrial cocktail, if you will. I actually think it was covered by insurance in some states because it was so successful.

Dr. Weitz:                          Wow.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Yeah. So-

Dr. Weitz:                          And what do you think about selenium for hypothyroid, specifically Hashimoto’s?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I think that’s a no brainer. And I think people should start asking like, I can always supplement with something, but where do I find these things in nature? Because when you find them in nature, you get added benefits, right? So if I tell you to take a selenium supplement, that’s fine. But I don’t then get the added benefit of certain fatty acids within Brazil nuts, I don’t get the additional nutrients that are in there. And if you get calories in your body that also come along with these nutrients you need, then it’s cheaper. And I have never claimed to be smarter than nature. Like, I’m sure there’s a ton of things that we don’t know yet that works synergistically together. And I bet you, we find out they’re packaged in foods together. So I always encourage patients that if we’re going to talk about you getting iron or selenium or whatever, we’re going to talk about, where can you get these in your diet? And we’ll supplement as needed. But think about that first always.

Dr. Weitz:                            Yeah. My approach is to try to do both. And the reason I want to do both is I want to cover my bases, I want to get all those other nutrients we don’t know about that are say found in Brazil nuts, go along with the selenium, and I’m definitely a big believer that food is the best way to go. But the problem with Brazil nuts is any given Brazil nut could have this much or this much or more or less, or you have a handful and now maybe you’ve got a really high dosage or maybe you’ve got a low dosage in this particular sample because of where they were grown. So I’m going to typically recommend a modest dosage by supplementation, because that way I know we’re getting a specific form and a specific dosage that’s going to guarantee that person’s at least getting a minimal amount and then also recommend food sources, like say, for selenium, Brazil nuts.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Exactly. And I think that’s a good approach. It’s a good approach with anything, especially if you’re trying to replete something, you’re not going to get enough in food to replete something in any type of fast rate at all, but it is good for the patient to remember where do these things come from and what can I do? What do I have control over that can help support that?

Dr. Weitz:                         Absolutely. Are you familiar with the group out of Brazil that has shown that using infrared laser over the thyroid causes positive changes in thyroid tissue for patients with Hashimoto’s?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I’m not. But it wouldn’t surprise me. Do you use laser in your clinic?

Dr. Weitz:                         We do.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Okay. So, chiropractors and body work people have been using lasers to improve cellular function in tissues for a really long time. So it doesn’t surprise me. Same thing with infrared saunas and just the ability to have red light or whatever, all of the things that the biohackers do these days have some cellular impact that… But even yoga in inversions. So bathing the thyroid with blood when you’re upside down is oxygenating. Is it going to cure your Hashimoto’s? No, but there’s a ton of things built into healthy practices that are beneficial.

Dr. Weitz:                         That’s great. So any final thoughts you want to leave the listeners with about Hashimoto’s or your approach to treating thyroid conditions?

Dr. Lucterland:                 I would just say that if you are not feeling right, listen to yourself and get a full thyroid panel, first and foremost. From there, find a functional medicine doctor, because a functional medicine doctor is going to help you navigate which areas to focus on and help you fix your lifestyle factors in conjunction with some of the ancillary things that you can do to make yourself feel better in the meantime, like potentially a medication or a supplement that could boost thyroid function, et cetera, but functional medicine is where it’s at with autoimmunity, in my opinion, because you’re not going to find someone that’s looking at all of those things and actually uncovering and peeling back the onion, unless you are working with someone who takes that approach.

Dr. Weitz:                         Absolutely. And this is not a knock on conventional medical doctors, but since you’re not essentially dealing with lifestyle and diet and the things that we deal with in the functional medicine world, they don’t really have the tools to deal with these underlying triggers for autoimmune disease. So if you see a conventional doctor, they’re going to most likely supplement you with thyroid medication, which may make you feel better. And however, at the same time, it’s important to have, in my opinion, a functional medicine practitioner who can help you deal with the underlying triggers for this autoimmune condition. Because if all you do is add thyroid medication, you’re not dealing with this underlying autoimmune condition that is leading to your immune system attacking your own tissues. And over time, the likelihood is that more of the thyroid gland in this case will end up being damaged, destroyed, and you may need more thyroid medication, you may end up with another autoimmune condition. Statistically, if you have one autoimmune condition, you’re much more likely to have another.  So I think most patients would be well suited to have a conventional doctor and also have a functional medicine practitioner who can help them deal with the underlying causes. And they think that way everybody will get the best of both.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Absolutely. And I tell everybody the same thing, don’t give up your conventional doctor, because I’ve had so many patients that once they’re autoimmune disease, whether it be their gastroenterologist for Crohn’s or the rheumatologist for RA or whatever, see what’s possible, then they start going, “Wow, what did you do?” And they start learning. And then all of their patients in the future benefit from the journey that you were on. So I love having both parties.

Dr. Weitz:                         And patients know that most of the time you’re going to do better doing both, just because you see a functional medicine practitioner who takes you off of gluten and dairy and does some of these other natural things, that doesn’t mean you want to stop your thyroid medication.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Right. Yep.

Dr. Weitz:                         So great. So how can listeners, viewers find out more about you and your program?

Dr. Lucterland:                 So you can find me on Instagram or Facebook, Dr. Angela Lucterland is the handle in both of those. I do have a blog which has articles and sort of functions like a website and whatnot. But I might say those are probably the easiest ways to get ahold of me. So if you Google Dr. Angela Lucterland, it’ll pop up. There’s probably years and years worth of posts. I don’t even want to Google myself.

Dr. Weitz:                         Thank you, Angela. And when I post this in about three weeks, I’ll send you links that you can share with your followers.

Dr. Lucterland:                 Okay. Perfect.

 

Dr. Sarah Thompson discusses Functional Maternity with Dr. Ben Weitz.

[If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.] 

 

Podcast Highlights

1:38   Dr. Thompson started out treating musculoskeletal pain as an acupuncturist until she became pregnant with her first child.  She felt that there was a need for better nutritional prenatal care and dedicated herself to being able to provide that care.  Dr. Thompson also found Functional Medicine and pulled that into her maternity care.

4:28  Dr. Thompson calls her book, Functional Maternity because she puts the focus on the care of the mother and not just on the care of the baby.  Conventional prenatal care may end up with a healthy baby and a sick mom, which can lead to postpartum dysfunction that affect the mother adversely for the rest of her life.  If we have a healthy mom, we’re going to have a healthy baby.

5:36  The US has a shockingly high maternal mortality rate for an advanced country and that rate has gone up in 2020 by 18%.

7:05  Dr. Thompson often jokes that we are failing women before they even know that they are women through the standard American Diet and through childhood nutrition.  One in five children are now overweight in the US and the food served in the school breakfast and lunch programs is not healthy and these children are 30% more likely to be obese.We have poor nutrition education in childhood, and then we have the lunch systems that teach kids to eat shitty food.”

8:28  NHANES studies show us that 80-90% of women aren’t consuming the minimum vegetables per day and we see that young women who are eating poor nutrition have lowered reproductive powers.

9:00  There are a lot of nutrients that support maternal physiology both before pregnancy and then during pregnancy.  Vitamins B12, folate, vitamin D, etc  are very important for maternal health during conception and pregnancy. AMH, Anti-Malarial Hormone is associated with egg quality and low B vitamins, low zinc, and low vitamin D are all associated with low AMH levels.  This can create poor quality eggs, which can lead to poor quality embryos, which can lead to poor placentas, which can lead to pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes.  While Dr. Thompson sometimes does run nutrition panels preconception, there is also a lot you can tell just from a CBC. For example, if the MCV is little high, this may indicate a B12 or folate deficiency. Homocysteine levels can confirm this.

17:10  There is no prenatal vitamin that is right all the way through pregnancy, since the need for different nutrients changes in each trimester.  Plus, it would be better to call it a maternal vitamin, rather than a prenatal.  For example, in the first trimester, women often have up to 15 times more insulin being produced, so certain vitamins, including thiamine, magnesium, and vitamin D that can help with that.

18:50  The reason that there is up to 15 times more insulin being produced in the first trimester is because of the need for glucose to facilitate the cellular development of the placenta in the uterus and this is stimulated by the production of HCG.  One of the primary causes of morning sickness in the first trimester is due to low blood sugar, so it is important to increase the consumption of low glycemic carbs during this time.  Of course, these carbs should be paired with good fats and proteins and this is why following a low carb diet during pregnancy is not optimal.

22:02  Women who have PCOS and existing blood sugar dysregulation going into pregnancy have more trouble balancing their blood sugar. It is important that their blood sugar does not drop below 80 or 75 at the lowest.  Gestational diabetes is more placenta related than mom related.  The placenta produces a lot of hormones, including lactogen, which tends to be increased in the third trimester. Lactogen’s role is to block the maternal physiology from bringing sugar into her cells to raise blood sugar levels to give baby sugar to help stimulate fetal growth in those last months of pregnancy.  There is a metabolic shift in moms where they actually burn their own body fat to fuel their energy, so all of their glucose in their diet goes to baby. What happens in gestational diabetes is that you have an excessive production of lactogen, so no dietary glucose gets into mom and her blood sugar rockets.

 




Dr. Sarah Thompson is the founder of Sacred Vessel Acupuncture & Functional Medicine, the creator of the website www.functionalmaternity.com, and the writer of Functional Maternity  Using Functional Medicine and Nutrition to Improve Pregnancy and Childbirth Outcomes.  She is a certified functional medicine practitioner, licensed acupuncturist, board-certified herbalist, birth doula, and educator with a passion for pregnancy care. 

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also specializing in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure and also weight loss and also athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:                            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness Podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest and cutting-edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness Podcast for weekly updates. And to learn more, check out my website, drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me and let’s jump into the podcast.

Hello, Rational Wellness Podcasters. Today we have an interview with Dr. Sarah Thompson on functional maternity. Dr. Sarah Thompson is the founder of Sacred Vessel Acupuncture and Functional Medicine. She’s the creator of the functionalmaternity.com website. She wrote a book called Functional Maternity: Using Functional Medicine and Nutrition to Improve Pregnancy and Child Outcomes.  She’s a certified functional medicine practitioner, a licensed acupuncturist, a board-certified herbalist, a birth doula, and an educator with a passion for pregnancy care. Dr. Thompson, thank you so much for joining us today.

Dr. Thompson:                  Thanks for having me.

Dr. Weitz:                          Great. Tell us a little bit about your journey. How did you go from becoming an acupuncturist? And were you treating patients with acupuncture for a number of years before you changed your focus towards helping women with their nutrition from fertility to birthing and beyond?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. So, I started out I think like most acupuncturists, when I graduated school, wanting to do sports medicine, pain management, those things. I spent the beginning of my career working for an interventional pain management specialist. I trained with some of the best orthopedic acupuncturists in the world. And that was my focus. Now, as far as nutrition and functional medicine, my undergraduate is in nutrition. And I’ve always known that nutrition played a very important role in treatment success, whether it’s conventional medicine treatment, acupuncture treatment, chiropractic treatment, you name it. You have to have a solid foundation. And that foundation is nutrition.  So, even with my orthopedic patients that I had way back when I first started practicing, over 16 years ago, we always talked about diet and nutrition and how certain things they were doing in their diet could be increasing their inflammation affecting how their neurology was working and trying to improve their pain responses and improving their treatment success.

It wasn’t until I became pregnant with my own first child that I discovered how cool pregnancy was.  Up until that point, and people who knew me from childhood and my early adulthood, as soon as I told them I’m pregnant, they were like, “Excuse me, what? You weren’t going to have kids.” And I was like, “I know, but this happened.” And here we are, and we’re having a kid. And it’s the coolest thing I’ve ever done. And why didn’t anybody tell me that this would be so fun? And I completely changed my focus.  And I changed my focus through my own experiences and the experience or lack of experiences really that I had in my own prenatal maternal care. And I felt that there was a very substantial need that wasn’t being met with pregnant moms across the board, whether they’re in midwifery care, OB care, home birth care. There was this lack of education and a little bit of a lack of focus on the importance that nutrition played into these pregnancy and childbirth outcomes.  And that’s when I really changed my focus in my practice with acupuncture and found functional medicine and did the certification programs and pulled that all into the practice in maternity care.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah, absolutely. I think traditional care for pregnant women basically consists of taking your prescription prenatal and that’s it.

Dr. Thompson:                  And we know that prescription prenatals are really subpar when it comes to even prenatal care, let alone maternity care.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. So, you call your book Functional Maternity, rather than a functional medicine approach to fertility or pregnancy. Why is that?

Dr. Thompson:                  My goal is to bring the care of women back into the care of pregnancy. Pregnant women who become lost in this system of baby-

Dr. Weitz:                          Instead of the whole focus being on the baby.

Dr. Thompson:                  Exactly. When we look at the actual medical definitions, we look at what does prenatal means. Well, it means the care of pregnancy. What does maternal mean? It means the care of the mother. And the goal here is to bring the care of the mother back to the care of pregnancy. There’s so much that happens in maternal physiology that gets left to the wayside as long as baby looks good, and you can have a healthy baby, but you can have a really sick mom because that baby is taking everything from her and leaving her very dysfunctional.  And she’ll end up having a cascade of postpartum dysfunction that can transfer throughout the rest of her life. Well, if we focus on mom, we’re going to have a healthy baby if mom is healthy, and we can prevent these issues in mom later on down the road.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah. That’s super important. I think that’s great that you’re doing that. And let’s not forget that even in an advanced country like the United States, you might be shocked to learn what some of the maternal mortality rates are, especially in certain populations, in certain parts of the country, it’s really shockingly high.

Dr. Thompson:                  It is, sadly. As far as first-world developed countries go, we have arguably the worst maternal statistics. And that’s very disheartening for any mother coming into a maternal program of any sort because her risk of complications is significantly higher than a mother who’s having a baby in Spain, or a mother who’s having a baby in Iceland.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. And that probably goes with the ability of the average American to be able to handle any health challenge, whether it be pregnancy, a virus, or any other thing that might challenge our health if we already have a whole series of what are being called now comorbidities I would call chronic diseases like obesity, and diabetes, and hypertension, and on and on and on, which you and I and most of our audience know is directly related to our standard American diet, our sedentary lifestyle, our stress levels, or our lack of good sleep, et cetera, et cetera.

Dr. Thompson:                  Oh, absolutely. One of the things I jokingly say, but not jokingly at the same time is we’re failing women before they even know they’re women. And we’re doing that through the standard American diet, and more importantly, childhood nutrition. One in five children is now considered overweight. That’s a problem. That is already setting these-

Dr. Weitz:                          It’s crazy. It’s completely insane. Right.

Dr. Thompson:                  Absolutely. There’s a lot of things that go into that. Definitely, the standard American diet. Big, big part of that is a lot of the childhood nutrition programs themselves. We have poor nutrition education in childhood, and then we have the lunch systems that teach kids to eat shitty food.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. And that ketchup is a vegetable, and let’s bring fast food and some of this garbage into the school system. So, kids are used to eating that.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, there was a study done by the University of Michigan that actually showed a direct correlation between kids who ate school breakfast and lunch programs and a 30% increase in their risk of obesity in childhood.

Dr. Weitz:                          Wow. Yeah. We got to start early with educating our population on how to be healthy if we really want to be healthy as we age.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, we look at, again, NHANES studies, those sorts of things from the CDC and everything show that 80% to 90% of Americans aren’t consuming the minimum vegetables per day. Again, that starts in childhood, and we see that young women who are eating poor nutrition from just before puberty through their high school years is very indicative of their reproductive prowess later in life.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. So, how do we determine which nutrients a woman needs for optimal health, especially when wanting to get pregnant and bring a healthy baby to term?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, and there’s a lot of nutrients that go into supporting the maternal physiology, even before pregnancy ever happens. I always say preconception nutrition is more important than anything a mother does in pregnancy.

Dr. Weitz:                            Do you recommend nutritional testing?

Dr. Thompson:                  Sometimes. It depends. Preconception. There’s some definitely serum vitamin panels that we can do that assess certain nutritional profiles. I do definitely a lot more testing preconception than I do in pregnancy it seems like because that’s the foundation. And it’s amazing what you can find in just basic panels as you’re aware. You look at a CBC very differently than how a Western doc looks at a CBC where they’re looking for overt anemia. And we’re looking for function where we can say, “Ooh, that MCV is a little high. Maybe that’s a B12 deficient folate issue. Let’s check that homocysteine and see if we have some components that could lead into methylation issues in the early pregnancy phase.”

We’re always looking at Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial to anything pregnancy-related and you could definitely dive into all the cool biochemical components there that’s a pretty fun one. There’s definitely a number of tests that we do. I always do if I have patients who may have been on long-term birth control use, we always run a day three lab panel where we’re looking at their anti-malarial hormone and their LH to FSH ratio, because that’s very telling of the quality of eggs that she has and sometimes the quantity too.  There was a study done. The researcher on it was Sharon Briggs.  And it came out in 2020, I believe, and it was one of the first studies that actually showed a direct link between chronic birth control use and lower AMH levels.  And for those of you who don’t know what AMH is, it’s that anti-malarial hormone that is produced by the tiny little follicles in the ovary pre-ovulatory follicles. And we use those to measure the quantity of eggs. Right? If you don’t have very many eggs in your ovaries, we don’t get a high amount of that hormone because there’s just not eggs to make that hormone.

But the other thing we see is that it also represents quality of the eggs if we have lots of oxidative stress. If we have low B vitamins in there, low zinc levels, low vitamin D, all of those are associated with low AMH levels. And interestingly, birth control tends to deplete the body of these B vitamins and zinc above the body over the course of time and thus we create poor quality eggs.  And if we have poor quality eggs, we have poor quality embryos. If we have poor-quality embryos, we can have poor placentas. If we have placentas, then we can have preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and all these things being at an increased risk.

Dr. Weitz:                          And obviously having a high-quality sperm as well.

Dr. Thompson:                  Absolutely, yeah. Male factor fertility accounts for 50% of infertility issues, miscarriages, and there are studies that now link male factor, nutritional deficiencies basically with the increased risk of preeclampsia.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. Interesting. What about running a NutrEval or one of these more extensive nutrition panels?

Dr. Thompson:                  I don’t do that as a general rule. But yes, if we have people who are we’re doing all this fertility work, we’re not getting where we need to go, definitely, we would run something like that to look for maybe some of those more obscure nutrient deficiencies that can be dominoing through the system. All the vitamins-

Dr. Weitz:                          Serum levels of nutrients for some nutrients, like vitamin D are very helpful. But when looking at serum levels for other vitamins, they’re not so helpful.

Dr. Thompson:                  No, not at all. Not at all. I tend to run more functional tests than, definitely, the NutrEval tests are great. But I do a lot more like the homocysteine, methylmalonic acids. I look at the comprehensive metabolic panels. If alkaline phosphatase is low, that’s usually indicative of a zinc deficiency. If protein is low, too, we add in all these factors together to look at that overall body function to get a clue of that, versus this is how much is in your blood. And it’s like, “Well, that doesn’t help us that much.”

Dr. Weitz:                          What about genetic testing like MTHFR, which you mentioned in your book? Is that something that’s helpful?

Dr. Thompson:                  It can be. It very well can be. I run it in specific cases, but not as a general rule of thumb. I tend to, again, look at that functional relationship. Is homocysteine elevated? Is the MCV in the CBC elevated? Right. All indicative of that folate B12 dysfunction. If those are showing some signs of, Oh, yeah, no, you’re maybe having issues with breaking down that oh, like, let’s definitely run more than just MTHFR. Seeking health has a great panel now, where they look at all the different genetics that go into methylation because there’s so much more than MTHFR out there.

Dr. Weitz:                          Of course. I just mentioned one that’s always in-

Dr. Thompson:                  Oh, I know. We tend to focus on that MTHFR quite a bit because there’s a lot of research on it. It’s been the one that most of the research has been based on since they found it. But I think there’s now more and more studies starting to pop up with all these different components and how… I’m sure you’re aware there’s changing school of thought on MTHFR, versus do we up methylated folate or do we pump choline instead? Right? Do we use may be the pathway that’s a little more functional, and just go, “Well, that one’s broken. Let’s move on.” Right?

Dr. Weitz:                          And, of course, what does this say about folic acid versus folate?

Dr. Thompson:                  Oh, yeah. Yeah, I have a whole section, a little mini-nutrient highlight on folic acid versus folate, because there is a lot of debate over it. And when you look at the idea of folic acid, it totally makes sense, theoretically, that folic acid should be better. But it’s not.

Dr. Weitz:                          And unfortunately, a lot of the older studies on preventing neural tube defects and things like that were done with folic acid, not with folate.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, it’s very interesting. There’s definitely a lot of back and forth on that.

Dr. Weitz:                          Well, it’s too bad that folic acid isn’t a billion-dollar drug because then all those studies would be repeated with folate, but of course, it’s not. We don’t have that advantage.

Dr. Thompson:                  Right. And there was a couple of studies I referenced in my book, too, that talk about the difference between folate and folic acid and how… Really, natural folate has these little proteins attached to it. And we have to break those down in the gut in order to absorb folate. Folic acid, they’ve done it for you. And they just said, “We broke it down.” We’ve got one protein attached to it. You can easily absorb it. And you see those studies.  When you compare the two on absorption, folic acid is significantly more absorbable through the gut when you look at serum levels. But when you start, again, looking at those functional values, how is this folate and folic acid getting used in the system once it’s in the bloodstream? That’s where it changes, right? Or if you just look at what happens to the serum, yeah, folic acid raises those levels significantly more than dietary folate.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. But if it doesn’t get properly metabolized, and we know that unmetabolized folic acid can be a risk factor for a number of things.

Dr. Thompson:                  Exactly. Certain studies have linked higher levels of unmetabolized folic acid with autism with some of these neurological components because it can get into the brain.

Dr. Weitz:                          And estrogen-related cancers as well.

Dr. Thompson:                  Exactly, exactly.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, you write that no prenatal vitamin is right all the way through pregnancy, because the needs for nutrients change during the different trimesters. I’m sure they change for each woman, depending upon a lot of other factors too, or diet or stress, whether or not she’s exercising, et cetera. So, what’s a woman to do?

Dr. Thompson:                  I would love to say, and I know, godly, there is a brand of prenatal that just came out that has trimester-specific prenatals. And I haven’t done my due diligence and really looked into what’s in them.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah, there was one company that had three different ones that didn’t sell so they stopped it.

Dr. Thompson:                  Right. Because women are like, “I don’t want to do that.” And a lot of women, they choose the one a days, right? Because who wants to take eight pills a day? That’s hard.

Dr. Weitz:                          I hear that all the time. Yeah. I can’t swallow a bunch of pills. I’m feeling nauseous. What can I do?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. And-

Dr. Weitz:                          Open up the capsule and put in the shake.

Dr. Thompson:                  Exactly. When you look at the material physiology, it is true. There isn’t a prenatal out there that follows all of the maternal needs because a prenatal is designed to help that baby grow. A maternal vitamin would be definitely more of a better nomenclature. We look at first trimester for example. There’s so many metabolic changes that happen. Women have oftentimes up to 15 times the amount of insulin being produced in the first trimester. Certain vitamins like thiamine, magnesium, vitamin D, those become super essential in that first trimester to help for that.

Dr. Weitz:                          It’s interesting. Can you talk about why there’s 15 times more insulin being produced?

Dr. Thompson:                  Let’s thank HCG for that. And the need of glucose to facilitate cellular development of the placenta in the uterus. That takes a lot of really quick energy. And sugar is our best source of really quick fast energy and cellular development. And so, when HCG, so it’s the embryo as it develops its little trophoblast cells that become the placenta, we get that production of HCG, which is what we measure in, say, pregnancy tests. HCG in that first trimester completely hijacks the maternal physiology.  The first thing it does is it wants to get a lot of sugar to that uterus to help grow that baby and that placenta primarily. And it does that by stimulating the pancreas to increase a lot of insulin. And some studies measure up to 15 times normal levels of insulin production. It’s one of the reasons that women have a lot of morning sickness.  To me, it seems like just a horrible biological mechanism that when your blood sugar drops, you get nauseous. Why would your body want to vomit when you actually need more food? But that’s what it does. People who get hypoglycemic, they get a little shocky and they get nauseous. And we see that in that first trimester, is one of the primary causes of morning sickness is low blood sugar.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, does that tell us what we can do to decrease the likelihood of morning sickness?

Dr. Thompson:                  It’s one of the things. One of the things is, there’s a reason that women crave carbohydrates in that first trimester. It’s because they need them. Now they don’t need Snickers, right? They don’t need that. But they can totally get away with some good white potatoes, sweet potatoes, whole grains, starchy vegetables, those things go a long way.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, increasing carbs in the first trimester might be helpful in decreasing that nausea that a lot of women feel.

Dr. Thompson:                  Absolutely, and pairing it with some good fats and proteins so we don’t get that quick up and down of blood sugar, right? So, it’s nice and sustained.

Dr. Weitz:                          Slow carbs. And this is why perhaps, it might not be optimal to follow, say, a ketogenic diet during pregnancy.

Dr. Thompson:                  Right. I have a lot of moms that I work with who did a really strong keto or a paleo diet before they got pregnant. And they’re beating themselves up in the first trimester because really all they want is something like mashed potatoes. And you have to go, “It’s okay.” By all means, eat the mashed potatoes, right? Your body needs that. It’s craving it for a reason. Don’t deny it.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah, on the other hand, we know that in our society, rates of diabetes, pre-diabetes, insulin resistance are sky-high. And those things actually make it more difficult to get pregnant.

Dr. Thompson:                  Absolutely, yeah.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, it’s not unusual that there’s going to be a percentage of women who are following perhaps a lower carb diet to get pregnant.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. And I’ve definitely worked with fertility patients who, that’s what we recommend. Women who do have insulin resistance, PCOS, those conditions do significantly better.

Dr. Weitz:                          Exactly, exactly. PCOS goes hand in hand, right.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. And those are the women who actually tend to have that higher insulin production, closer to that 15 times production, is seen a lot of those women who do have insulin resistance. So, it becomes a fun balancing game to make sure their blood sugar stays and more of that mid-range, and they don’t drop too low and they don’t jump too high. And that’s a lot of coaching.

Dr. Weitz:                          Is there a functional blood sugar range you might want to see during the first trimester, for example?

Dr. Thompson:                  I don’t like to see fasting glucose that drops below 80, 75 in moms. We don’t run them very often, but sometimes we’ll have midwives, sometimes I’ll run things like a comprehensive metabolic panel that has that. If it’s dropping lower than that, then we’re getting hypoglycemic.

Dr. Weitz:                          Well, we know that sometimes there are blood sugar problems during pregnancy. We certainly want to prevent those.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. And when we look at gestational diabetes, that’s more placental-related than it is mom-related. Now, if mom has type two diabetes coming into pregnancy, that’s a completely different pattern. Right? That’s typically not “actual gestational diabetes.” That’s pre-existing type two diabetes that has now turned into pregnancy-related type two diabetes, very different pattern.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, what causes gestational diabetes?

Dr. Thompson:                  So, it has to do with really a lot of this hormonal work and more of a placental dysfunction issue. And one of the things that we see-

Dr. Weitz:                          So, what do we mean by placental dysfunction?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, so the placenta produces some different hormones. One of those hormones is lactogen. Now lactogen increases in more that third-trimester range, which is typically when we test for gestational diabetes. Lactogen’s job is to block the maternal physiology from bringing sugar into her cells to raise blood sugar levels to give baby sugar to help stimulate fetal growth in those last months of pregnancy. Baby has to put on a lot of body fat. Baby has to stimulate a lot of growth in that last phase.  And so, we see a metabolic shift in moms where they go, and they actually burn their own body fat to fuel their own energy and most of the glucose in their diet goes to baby. What we see in gestational diabetes is excessive production of lactogen. So, that, really, no blood sugar gets into mom, and their blood sugar skyrocket. Does that make sense?

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah.

Dr. Thompson:                  And so, when we’re looking at dietary management for gestational diabetes, it’s very different than when we’re looking at type two diabetes dietary management.



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Dr. Weitz:                          So, what do we do for gestational diabetes?

Dr. Thompson:                  It varies on the woman. We do a lot of blood sugar watching, and it’s fun to help moms through that sometimes, because some of the foods that they think would be good or would be bad are actually very beneficial, like sweet potatoes, for example. Oftentimes, I have a mom doing a lot of sweet potatoes, even though they’re high glycemic because they also have a lot of nutrients in there that help to regulate a lot of it.

Dr. Weitz:                          Sweet potatoes are not necessarily high glycemic.

Dr. Thompson:                  I know, but if you look at a type two diabetes type thing, they’ll tell you, “Don’t do sweet potatoes because they’re high in sugar.”

Dr. Weitz:                          Well, if you look on the glycemic index, they’re much lower than white potatoes.

Dr. Thompson:                  Absolutely, absolutely. Usually, white potatoes are something that we’ll consume them, but we pair them, right? We’re going to put a lot of fat with them. We’re going to change the glycemic load of what’s happening. So, usually, we’re monitoring glycemic load over glycemic index, basically. How foods pair together in a meal to balance blood sugars, because we do need those sugars. We just don’t need a lot of the processed sugars.  It’s a lot removing of those things. Women who are eating a lot of cereal for breakfast, have cereal, right? It’s a lot of just bringing them back to that whole foods-based diet that they’re probably struggling with to begin with.

Dr. Weitz:                          It’s amazing. The women I speak to think that eating the cereals are beneficial because of all the advertising and all the things on the boxes that talk about all these health benefits of eating those packaged cereals. It’s incredible.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, we’ve been sold on that for generations, right? It’s low fat. It’s whole grain. We’ve added vitamins to it. It’s good for you. Pair it with some skim milk. Right?

Dr. Weitz:                          Exactly.

Dr. Thompson:                  That’s a great meal. And we wonder why everybody’s sick.

Dr. Weitz:                          Exactly. Let’s talk about the importance of thyroid function for pregnancy.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, so going back to that first-trimester aspect, that HCG hijacking the maternal physiology. One of the things that we see is that HCG mimics thyroid-stimulating hormone. It’s structurally very similar and it can bind to the TSH receptors on the thyroid. And what happens is it then hyperstimulates the thyroid to produce more T4 and T3. And so, we’ll see a natural dip if we’re doing lab work, right? You’ll see a drop in TSH, and you’ll see an upswing and reverse T3.  And what’s happening is that HCG is basically throwing mom into a borderline hyperthyroid pattern, because we need thyroid hormone to grow placental tissue.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, let me just stop you for a second. What level are you seeing on TSH and reverse T3 so we have an idea of what we’re talking about?

Dr. Thompson:                  So, several studies will show that if you have a TSH over a 2.5, you’re at a high risk of miscarriage. You want that TSH to drop to closer to one. Some people drop below one and they’re in the 0.8 range. Okay? Some women dropped even lower and they’re full hyperthyroid, that can get into a little bit of a hyperemesis type pattern. So, we do see that the lower TSH goes to, the more likely we are to have a little bit of a hyperemesis, so severe morning sickness type pattern. Really cool studies that talk about excess iodine in the blood causing, maybe being a cause of some of that hyperemesis.

Dr. Weitz:                          Okay, so if we have a patient with hyperthyroid during pregnancy, we might want to look at iodine intake.

Dr. Thompson:                  Exactly, yeah. We may want to lower that intake. And what happens is, T4 comes down to the placenta. We have the deionized enzymes, which are zinc-based enzymes that break down T4 into T3. Some of that T3 stays in the placenta to grow placental tissue, then we have reverse T3 that goes up. And usually, we’re seeing that in right around 23, 25, somewhere in that range. It’s usually above the reference range. And I’ve had homebirth midwives, for example, do full thyroid panels, and I do mentorship and different things, and coach practitioners as well, who send me these labs, and they’re like, “What’s wrong? What do I do? “I’m like, “That’s normal, it’s good. Don’t touch it. It’s fine.”  And then, what you’ll also see is you’ll see iodine levels in the blood that pop up as we break that iodine off of T4 to make T3. And so, that elevated reverse T3 and that elevated extra iodine in the blood, there’s a couple of studies that are associating that, again, like I said, with a higher morning sickness type pattern.

Dr. Weitz:                          What about the women where you see hypothyroid?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, that gets concerning. I can’t tell you how many recurrent miscarriage patients that we look, and their thyroid looks beautiful before conception, and within four weeks of conception, that TSH is going up, not down, and it hits that 2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 3. And they lose their baby, and it gets missed, and these physicians are running it. Fertility doctors tend to know this. I have 10s of fertility doctors who will see that creeping up and immediately give a level thyroxin.  But I think general OBs, midwives, for sure, aren’t typically trained in seeing that. And you will see that creep up and that’s a sign that that thyroid just cannot keep up with the demand of pregnancy. And when that happens, you go back and you have to go, “Okay, well, what’s the underlying cause? Is it autoimmune? Is it Hashimoto’s? Is that what’s happening? Or are we looking at something closer to like an iodine deficiency, a zinc deficiency, selenium,” something along those lines.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah, I was just going to ask about that outside of giving thyroid hormone. What about making sure they have enough iodine, making sure that maybe some of the halogens, bromine, chlorine, fluoride, which are on the same pathway as iodine if you look at the periodic chart, those can block iodine. Do we need to make sure the woman is not consuming a bunch of those? I know, for example, in Los Angeles where we are, chlorine is put into the water to kill bacteria.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, those are definitely things that we look at and-

Dr. Weitz:                          And they throw fluoride in there, too.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, absolutely. Sadly, these are things that we don’t even start looking at until someone’s probably had a couple of miscarriages and that’s sad to me. I hear somebody who has a miscarriage especially if it’s a later first-trimester miscarriage, second-trimester miscarriage, and I automatically want to hug that woman and try to help her not have that happen again because that is physical and emotional loss. It’s a toll and it’s something that we shouldn’t expect moms to have to do three times before the medical system starts to treat it seriously.

Dr. Weitz:                          Anemia during pregnancy, you touched on that a little bit. I’d like to go into that a little more. You mentioned if you see an elevated MCV, that might show the need for B vitamins. What else do we want to look at as far as preventing or helping to manage anemia?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, so, anemia. We look at anemia. And of course, we focus a lot on iron. Right? Iron deficient anemia. It is very important. And when you look at classical-

Dr. Weitz:                          What do you actually consider the best marker for iron? Is it serum iron? Is it TIBC? Is it ferritin levels? Is it a combination?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, in pregnancy, we look at ferritin mostly, because we have to have a store of ferritin. And there are studies that show that low ferritin levels in the first trimester are indicative of anemia later on.

Dr. Weitz:                          And what level of ferritin makes you concerned?

Dr. Thompson:                  Anything below 40. If we’re coming into the third trimester and it’s low, we’re going to have some problems. And it has to do with how, again, changes in maternal physiology. We focus so much on iron, but once a mom hits about mid-third trimester, she is not going to be able to change those ferritin levels. So, part of what happens in second trimester when we are doubling down, we say doubling down, it’s really a 35% increase in red blood cells and a 50% increase in plasma, doubling down on these red blood cells, is she’s storing iron.  And I always, again, I joke, everything in pregnancy is preparing for preparing, and what’s happening in this trimester really is to support the mom’s body in the third trimester when everything shifts. And iron is a perfect example of that. A mom’s body accumulates iron, yes, to double down and make that 35% increase in her red blood cells, but more importantly, to store ferritin for the third trimester, where her body actually breaks down ferritin to support the iron needs of both her and her baby.

Because what happens, the same thing, we see a shift just like we did in insulin and blood sugar, and it all gets diverted to baby in that third trimester. Same thing happens with iron. Babies have to accumulate just under 400 mg of iron in their own ferritin stores before birth, because in the fourth trimester, the postpartum period, they can’t absorb iron out of their breast milk, and they are living off of their ferritin reserves.  So, in that second trimester, we focus so much on the iron component of anemia, not because it’s the primary cause of anemia, but because if we get to third trimester and a mother doesn’t have her ferritin stores, she is going to struggle and then she’s going to struggle postpartum recovery. Does that make sense?

Dr. Weitz:                          Absolutely.

Dr. Thompson:                  And so, ferritin to me is way more important. If I see somebody who’s got a hemoglobin level that’s hitting that 11-mark, yeah, we’re going to run a ferritin and we’re going to see, are you making ferritin? Is that why you’re a little low? Because your body is really focusing on this. We need that to be at a certain level. When we look at the studies in reality, iron deficiency anemia only accounts for about 30% of all pregnancy anemia cases. We look at the function of red blood cells, how they’re made, well, there’s a lot of things that go into it, right?  We have to have vitamin C to pull the iron into the cells. Vitamin C deficiency is surprisingly common in pregnancy. It’s one of the things that we see associated with preterm labor, early cervical remodeling can be associated with not enough vitamin C.

Dr. Weitz:                          Let’s not forget vitamin C. In this age when we have all these exotic nutrients, we sometimes tend to forget the basics like vitamin C.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, it’s so true. It’s so true. And it is a very crucial nutrient as the water-soluble antioxidant. It helps with the collagen. What is the cervix? It’s a big chunk of collagen, and it needs vitamin C and vitamin E to be stable during the remodeling process. And for those that don’t know, remodeling of the cervix actually begins around 25 to 28 weeks. By that time, the mom’s body is already starting to prepare for childbirth. And we have to have a high amount of antioxidants in the system to negate the inflammation that is occurring in the body so we don’t go into labor too soon.

Dr. Weitz:                          What’s the best way to get iron?

Dr. Thompson:                  Well, everybody’s favorite food, liver. I’m a big proponent of liver in pregnancy, but I also have a lot of plant-based patients who do really well just doing a bunch of legumes. Interestingly, again, in pregnancy, so outside of pregnancy, we see that heme-based iron is significantly more absorbed the non-heme iron. So, heme iron is the animal-based iron, non-heme plant-based. In pregnancy, the absorption rate is the same.

Dr. Weitz:                          Okay. But if we’re going to consume a bunch of legumes, we might be consuming lectins.

Dr. Thompson:                  That’s right. So then, we go into preparation methods. Right? And that’s where diet culture comes in. I’m not anti-legumes. I think we’ve just lost our innate knowledge of how to prepare so many different foods because we’ve lost our connection to culture and history. There’s markings on walls and Aztec buildings of food preparation methods. And one of them is soaking legumes, and not just doing a quick overnight soak. That’s not what we’re talking about. We’re talking about sprouting these legumes, right?  Here in Colorado if I’m going to sprout my grains or legumes or nuts and seeds or any of the high lectin, oxalate, phytate type things, I’m not just going to do it overnight. I’m doing it, especially now in the winter, like 20 degrees out right now. I’m going to be doing it for three or four days. And I’m looking for the chemical reaction.

Dr. Weitz:                          I can’t even remember to do it overnight.

Dr. Thompson:                  I know, right? I’m waiting for that chemical reaction. And anybody who’s done that will notice that the water gets bubbly. Right? There’s gases that come out of those legumes. That’s what you’re looking for. You’re looking for a breakdown in these anti-nutrients. And in that process, they release gas. And that’s what you’re looking for. And then, you know you’ve really broken those legumes down and now they’re more like-

Dr. Weitz:                          What about using a pressure cooker?

Dr. Thompson:                  Pressure cookers can work.

Dr. Weitz:                          Need shortcuts.

Dr. Thompson:                  They’re not my favorites because they don’t allow for the germination aspect. Right? They just pressure and it does break down some of it, absolutely. But to really get the full nutritional benefit, soaking those legumes is the best way. And I’ve soaked them before and I’ve done big batches at my house and then taking them and froze them. And then, pull them out when I’m ready to use them.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. So, for vegetarians, it’s legumes. We can’t eat the livers from plants. [crosstalk 00:40:26] So, another problematic condition during pregnancy is hypertension. We call it preeclampsia. What can we do to prevent and or help with this condition?

Dr. Thompson:                  So, study after study links dietary patterns with an increased risk of preeclampsia, preconception and during pregnancy. And the most causative or correlated factor in diet was the consumption of vegetables. So, those who consume more vegetables in their diet have a decreased risk of preeclampsia. And if you remember again, 80% of Americans are consuming the minimum vegetable intake. And we know that that’s probably really subpar anyways. So, let me even up that number a little.

Dr. Weitz:                          Yeah, especially since potatoes are considered vegetables. So, French fries qualify as vegetables in there. And the ketchup they put on is the second vegetable.

Dr. Thompson:                  That’s right. That’s right.

Dr. Weitz:                          And even then they’re not making minimum.

Dr. Thompson:                  Preeclampsia is a very complicated condition. But what seems to be the primary connecting factor between all the different theories as to the progression of preeclampsia is placental dysfunction. And the placenta really develops a lot of health, its functionality in the first trimester in the beginning of the second trimester. And so, a lot of preeclamptic conditions develop before the mom even knows she’s pregnant. And really, that first-trimester phase is highly dependent on what the mom and dad, the egg and the sperm, brought to that pregnancy in that initial development of those trophoblast cells that become the placenta.  Almost every vitamin and mineral deficiency is associated with preeclampsia. It used to be way back, decades ago, they talked about preeclampsia being a disease of B vitamin deficiency. They didn’t know why at the time. Now, we know things like methylation, right? B vitamins are really important for that. We know how B vitamins play into the Krebs cycle, and energy production, and oxidative stress and all those things.

Oxidative stress is a primary driver of preeclampsia. There’s a lot of things that go into that. Coenzyme Q10, antioxidants associated with oxidative stress. Very interesting studies in… Enrique A. Teran from Ecuador, he has done so many studies on linking Coenzyme Q10 with placental dysfunction and preeclampsia, and they’re fascinating. And links that show things like high elevation, age-related, dietary-related, associations with CoQ10. And this increased risk of preeclampsia.

We see in the body that the need for preeclampsia increases throughout pregnancy. As estrogen levels go up in pregnancy, as cortisol levels go up in pregnancy, we see a rise in LDL in the body. And with that rise, we also see a rise of CoQ10. Now, as we age, we don’t produce as much CoQ10 as we used to, right? And there’s interesting correlations with this low CoQ10 level and preeclampsia.  And so, it goes back to oxidative stress as the driving factor, whether it’s B vitamin deficiencies, whether it’s antioxidant issues like CoQ10 or superoxide dismutase. There was a study from 2020 that linked manganese deficiency and superoxide dismutase deficiency with an increased risk of preeclampsia. So, when we’re looking at-

Dr. Weitz:                          I’ve even seen a few papers with L-carnitine as being beneficial as well.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, absolutely. And that goes into some of that metabolic factor stuff, and when the mom is really super catabolic and she’s breaking down her own body fat. And the acetyl L-carnitine or L-carnitine, in general, helps her break down those fatty acids into energy.

 



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Dr. Weitz:                            In the last 10 minutes, let’s focus on some of the most important nutrients, a number of which we’ve already talked about but maybe we need to talk a little more about. So, Vitamin D. I know you mentioned that the amount of vitamin D in the typical prescription prenatal is still like a joke compared to what we really know is needed.  It’s still recommended that people get 400 or 100s of mg. All the data that I’ve seen working with patients for a number of years with functional medicine, actually decades, is they need 1000s or sometimes even 10,000. So, taking 400 is like a joke.

Dr. Thompson:                  No. Yeah, the current RDA for pregnancy on vitamin D is 600 international units, 400, preconception. Now, there was a study in 2011. And this is 10 years, I mean, 12, so 11 years ago now. Right? I can do math. It was a decade ago. And we’re just now starting to take the study seriously. Right? What this study did is, the whole premise was to see how much vitamin D supplementally a mother needed to maintain, 32 was their magic number, 32 ng/mL of vitamin D in the serum throughout pregnancy. Okay?  Now, for those who know reference ranges, the reference range of Vitamin D is between 30 and 100. Studies now show, really, it should be more like 40 and above. This study was looking to keep it at 32. And they needed a minimum of 4000 international units per day to maintain that level throughout pregnancy. That’s a lot. That’s way more than 600 that we’re currently telling women they need. And vitamin D is essential for almost every function of pregnancy

Dr. Weitz:                          So, what do you do? You give them a prenatal and then you give them extra vitamin D?

Dr. Thompson:                  That’s what we do.

Dr. Weitz:                          And then, they freak out and say, “Oh, my God”, and the medical doctor says, “Oh, I don’t know. It sounds like a lot.”

Dr. Thompson:                  It sounds like a lot, right? They’re worried about increasing calcium buildup in the placenta and all these things. This study at 4000 international units per day found zero negative side effects, zero. No negative implications were associated with that 4000.

Dr. Weitz:                          Has anybody looked at vitamin K, making sure there’s no calcium buildup in the placenta?

Dr. Thompson:                  Not that I’m aware of. But that’ll give me something to look for. You gave me something I need to research. I love it.

Dr. Weitz:                          Because that’s what we do in the functional medicine world when we prescribe vitamin D, is make sure we prescribed vitamin K2 because that reduces arterial calcification. It makes sure that the calcium that gets upregulated doesn’t end up in the soft tissues.

Dr. Thompson:                  Right, right. And that’s what we do, too. Every vitamin D supplement I give has K2 in it, and we have to have it. K2 is essential for so many other things in pregnancy too. And again, it’s a forgotten nutrient, especially in maternal care. It’s one of those primary drivers of regulating blood clotting. And when you go into labor, it is a very important part about not dying in childbirth, is the ability to clot.  And they take care of babies, like, “Oh, well give him a vitamin K injection,” because historically, they found that that was an issue because moms were deficient. But instead of treating moms, they just said, “Well, we’ll fix babies. It’s fine.”

Dr. Weitz:                            Exactly. Forget about the mom.

Dr. Thompson:                  They don’t care about mom. But back to vitamin D, vitamin D, again, does a number of things in the body. One of the things it does and why it’s really this important gateway nutrient to a number of different complications in pregnancy, is that it regulates the P450 enzymes that go into steroidogenesis. So, these enzymes that help to make estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone, all these hormones that are skyrocketing throughout pregnancy.

Dr. Weitz:                            It’s hard to find a system or physiological process in the body that vitamin D doesn’t have some role.

Dr. Thompson:                  It’s so true. So true. And the most nutritionally deficient nutrient in the diet.

Dr. Weitz:                            So, my next most favorite nutrient besides vitamin K and D is omega-3. And this is another reason why that prescription prenatal that’s just that one a day, there’s no way you can pack any substantial amount of omega-3 in that tablet or capsule. And yet we know that omega-3 especially DHA is super important. Can you talk about that?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, and DHA is really important, so I have a whole section in my book on this because it’s something that, again, I don’t have a study that really solidifies this idea that I have, but a lot of studies that link to a possible complication if we isolate DHA in prenatal supplementation. So, the studies who look at the beneficial effects of DHA on brain development, on all these things we talked about in prenatal care, they used a combination of EPA and DHA in the studies and found high amounts of DHA in the brain and said, “Oh, we got to do DHA.”  But we also know that DHA if it’s isolated, we see that in cardiovascular studies, blocks the ability of thromboxane A2 to work in the body. Now, what is thromboxane A2? Thromboxane A2 is the primary coagulant in childbirth. So, when we go into labor, our body produces a large amount of this blood-clotting agent. It’s the primary driver that makes the uterus and the placenta as they detach caught, right?  DHA blocks that. It prevents that thromboxane A2, in studies, from doing its job of clotting the blood. If you add EPA to it, that doesn’t happen. EPA becomes prostacyclin. Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 balance each other’s effects. So, if we remove that EPA aspect, all we have is an anticoagulant.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, make sure we take EPA and DHA together.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yes. And EPA helps bring DHA into the fetal brain. The whole reason that moms are trying to take DHA. Without EPA, that DHA doesn’t get into the fetal brain.

Dr. Weitz:                          Okay, now, what about the ratio? Is the ratio of EPA and DHA that’s found in fish oil, is that optimal? Or would it be better, say, to have instead of this range to have maybe EPA and DHA together and then some extra DHA?

Dr. Thompson:                  I lean towards what is the natural balance found in fish? The original study was done on Inuit women, and how much fish they consumed. And looking at that ratio of EPA and DHA in their blood, and comparing that to cord blood. Right? Nature isn’t dumb. And sometimes we try to over science nature. And I feel like the fish oil, EPA, DHA, omega-3 world is really trying to outsmart nature. So, what I do with my patients is I push just straight fish oil.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. But this will also say to those vegetarian patients that they’re algae-based DHA supplement is not optimal.

Dr. Thompson:                  Right. I dislike the algae-based DHA supplements for a number of reasons. I just don’t like them. I don’t see any studies that show that they are better. I see more studies that show that there might be more of a risk.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. And you certainly don’t want to eat tuna every day while you’re pregnant.

Dr. Thompson:                  And that gets complicated too.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right. Consider mercury. So, I think we’re just about out of time. We did not say anything about a lot of stuff. But one thing is calcium. So, I just want to touch on calcium, which is yet another controversial mineral.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, well, we talked about preeclampsia earlier. Calcium supplementation is the only nutrient so far in research that has been shown to have an acute effect on preeclamptic symptoms, meaning calcium supplementation reduces the symptoms of preeclampsia. And it’s the only nutrients that we know in research has that actual effect, but yet it’s one of those ones that we just go back and forth on.

Dr. Weitz:                          So, how much calcium should women during pregnancy consume, supplemental?

Dr. Thompson:                  I think it depends on the individual, their diets, all those things. I don’t do additional calcium supplements.

Dr. Weitz:                          You don’t?

Dr. Thompson:                  No. Nothing outside of basic prenatal-

Dr. Weitz:                          Well, some prenatals have a lot of calcium, some have a little bit.

Dr. Thompson:                  That’s true.

Dr. Weitz:                          And once they have multiple pills, they’re going to have separate calcium magnesium supplements. The one a day is only going to have a little bit. So, is 50 mg enough, 500 mg? What’s optimal?

Dr. Thompson:                  I tend to aim for 1000.

Dr. Weitz:                          A thousand?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. We’re aiming high. And the goal again is to get it in diet. Anywhere we can get it in diet is going to be better.

Dr. Weitz:                          But then, you have problems with consuming dairy. Right? Because the proteins in dairy that are allergenic.

Dr. Thompson:                  And it depends on the person. I’m not opposed to dairy. I’m not. In pregnancy, sometimes we use dairy high diets, specifically in cases of preeclampsia. I will have women, I will have them try to drink half a gallon of milk a day. Good quality, full fat, grass-fed milk.

Dr. Weitz:                          Wow. A half a gallon of milk per day.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yes. And we’re talking severe preeclamptic situations where they’re spilling proteins. And we know we need to keep that protein level elevated, plus we need the calcium, the vitamin D, conjugated linoleic acid in the milk also helps. The other thing is milk contains insulin-like growth factors, right? One of the things that we worry about today, people with PCOS.

Dr. Weitz:                          Right, because it’s added, right?

Dr. Thompson:                  Exactly. But in cases of preeclampsia, the placenta itself produces insulin-like growth factors. And in preeclampsia, they don’t. And you have to have that insulin-like growth factor to stimulate a number of different functions in the physiology of both the baby and the mother. And the milk facilitates that. We’re supplementing insulin-like growth factor that the placenta should be making that it isn’t making.

Dr. Weitz:                          Interesting Wow. This conversation had a lot of clinical pearls. I want to thank you for that.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, of course. My pleasure.

Dr. Weitz:                          I really enjoyed this. How can our listeners find out more about you and how to contact you?

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah, absolutely. So, my website-

Dr. Weitz:                          And how to get your book as well.

Dr. Thompson:                  Yeah. My website is www.functionalmaternity.com. People can find the book there. They can link my clinic there. I have patients all over the world that I follow through pregnancy, whether it’s just general health, specific complication management. I also offer practitioner mentorship programs. We’re working on a group mentorship thing that we should be doing the summer, mostly case study review. So, all of that will be found on that website.  Social media-wise, we are at functional.maternity on everything. And then, currently, the book is on Amazon. And it should be in some retailers here before too long as well.

Dr. Weitz:                          Barnes & Noble as well.

Dr. Thompson:                  Hopefully. You can request it from them. They don’t carry it yet. But it’s in their system. They can order it.

Dr. Weitz:                          Okay, I’ll do that. Thank you so much, Dr. Thompson.

Dr. Thompson:                  Thank you.


Dr. Weitz:                            Thank you for making it all the way through this episode of the Rational Wellness Podcast. And if you enjoyed this podcast, please go to Apple podcasts and give us five-star ratings and review. That way, more people will be able to find this Rational Wellness Podcast when they’re searching for health podcasts. And I wanted to let everybody know that I do now have a few openings for new nutritional consultations for patients at my Santa Monica Weitz Sports Chiropractic and Nutrition Clinic.  So, if you’re interested, please call my office, 310-395-3111 and sign up for one of the few remaining slots for a comprehensive nutritional consultation with Dr. Ben Weitz. Thank you and see you next week.

 

Dr. Aristo Vojdani speaks about Immune System Testing with Dr. Ben Weitz at the Functional Medicine Discussion Group meeting on January 27, 2022.

[If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.] 

 

Podcast Highlights

9:49   Dr. Aristo Vojdani published a review paper along with Dr. Elroy Vojdani in the journal Pathophysiology, The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases I: Toxic Chemicals and Food. Pathophysiology 202128 (4), 513-543; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28040034  While genes play a role, environmental factors, the exposome, are responsible for two thirds of the cases of autoimmune diseases.  These environmental factors that trigger autoimmunity include food sensitivities, infections, toxic chemicals, and the gut microbiome.  Environmental factors affect the immune system and the Lymphocyte Map test is a sensitive biomarker for these immune changes.  A number of environmental factors affect the immune system and affect our barriers and can result in autoimmunity, including silica, trichloroethylene, smoking, mercury, pesticides, pristane, and many other toxic chemicals, inducing reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation.

12:45  Reactive Oxygen Species can inhibit good genes and enhance bad genes, such as DNA damage. Lipid peroxidation can cause neo-antigen formation, which means they can bind to our tissues and result in auto-antibody production and over activation of Th1 and Th17, which are the autoreactive lymphocytes.  We end up with dysregulation between our T reg cells and our Th1 and Th17 T cells, which communicate with our B cells, which produce autoantibodies and autoimmune disease.

15:13  The exposomes include the external environment, which include stress, lifestyle, indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollution, diet, additives, salt intake, vitamin D, medications, infections, and xenobiotics. There are also internal environmental factors like protein modification.  More than 600 different proteins get modified internally for many reasons that we don’t even understand. Our microbiome also plays a role in inflammation and autoimmunity.

17:50  Any miscommunication between the immune system, the nervous system, and the GI system may result in autoimmunity. 

18:18  The immune system has two parts: the Mucosal Immune system (aka, the Innate Immune system) and the Humoral Immune system (aka, the Adaptive Immune system)The Mucosal Immune system is our Homeland Security and includes our mucous membranes and secretory IgA.  The SARS-Cov2 virus breaks down our mucous membranes before getting into the lungs and then secretory IgA antibodies start protecting us. Three important cells–dendritic cells, mast cells, and macrophages–start by attacking the foreign pathogens like the virus.  In the case of the coronavirus, the macrophages take it up and internalize it. But because it is such a huge molecule, they break it down into a smaller size, which we call antigens and includes the nucleoprotein and the spike protein. These antigens, like the spike protein, then get taken up by antigen presenting cells and present it to T helper cells. The adaptive immune response will then release either Th1, cytokines such as interferon gamma and IL2 and activate some T cells to become cytotoxic lymphocytes, that go after the corona virus or cells infected with coronavirus.  When cytotoxic lymphocytes finish the job, they leave behind memory T cells and memory cytotoxic T cells.  T cells then collaborate with B cells, that become plasma cells, which have the capacity to produce IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE antibodies that will recognize the coronavirus in the future.  These antibodies will last months or a few years but after that there will be memory B cells that last many years and continue to recognize that virus and can make antibodies again within a day or two to fight off a future coronavirus infection.  Memory B cells continue to provide protection against the virus for many years, unlike what we may have heard in the media.

28:17  The immune system is as diverse in different people as their appearance.  Cyrex’s lymphocyte immunotyping is different and this is why we need personalized care for each person and why different people may respond differently to the same medication.  B cells in the presence of different environmental factors (exposomes) will become Th1, Th2, T-reg cells, Th9, Th17, Th22, combination of Th2 and Th22, and Follicular Th9.  Each of these T cell subsets have different functions.  Th1 is involved in pathogenic inflammation and autoimmunity. Th2 is involved with allergies and hypersensitivities. T-reg cells provide protection against pathogenic inflammation and autoimmunity. Th9 is involved with allergic response. Th17 both protects us against extracellular pathogens and when they are overactivated they will participate in inflammation and autoimmunity.  The most pathogenic lymphocyte is the hybrid between Th1 and Th17, which participates in both inflammation and autoimmunity. Th22 is involved in skin dermatitis and psoriasis. Th2/Th22 are related to allergies and hypersensitivities. The combo of Follicular (TFh) and Th9 has a high affinity for autoantibody production.

31:13  Some Labs/Researchers/Doctors in the past have claimed that we can classify patients as having Th1/Th2 imbalances based on the cytokines that they produce and this is not an accurate way to do this because the same cytokine may be produced by different lymphocytes. For example, Interferon gamma can be produced by Th1, but also by Th9.  IL-17 is produced by Th17, but it is also produced by natural killer cells. The best way to determine Th1 and Th2 balance and other lymphocyte imbalances is by staining and counting each of these cells directly, which is what Cyrex Labs is doing with their Lymphocyte Map test.  Also, both red blood cells and platelets also produce cytokines.

34:10  Our immune system is essential to protect us against infection and cancer and abnormalities of the immune system can lead to autoimmune disorders, allergic diseases, immune deficiencies, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular disease, etc.  Advancements in immunology have now made it possible to do complete lymphocyte immunophenotyping.

37:30  When investigators looked at hundreds of patients with COVID-19 they found one group that had hypoactivation of their immune system, low white blood cells, low lymphocytes, low CD-4, low CD-8, etc., another group that had hyperactivation of the immune system, and a third group that had an immune system that was more balanced, but yet all of these patients were treated with the same cocktail of medications.  It should be no surprise that they did not all respond well to the same protocol. If you give dexamethasone to a patient with a depressed immune system, this will suppress their immune system even more.

52:37  Measuring cytokines became obsolete after this new method of directly separating and staining lymphocyte cells.

52:52  If we look at a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, we often see Th2 low and Th17 high.  Vitamin D can help to lower Th17 by increasing the number of T reg cells. If you find a patient is Th17 dominant and you don’t do anything about it, they have an increased risk of having lupus or some other autoimmune  disease.

55:38  The next case is a patient with Lyme Disease, multiple chemical sensitivities, and repeated concussions. This patient has elevated 21 hyroxylase, meaning adrenal insufficiency, elevated paraben antibodies, and reactions to 70 out of 180 foods measured by Cyrex.  This patients has an elevated CD4:CD8 ratio and has elevated Th1 and Th17. This patient is classified as Th1 plus Th17 dominant and while this patient does not currently have autoimmune disease, they will likely develop full blown autoimmune disease if not treated for Lyme and toxins and food sensitivities.

1:00:39  This is a case of patient with low IgG subclass 2, Epstein Barr Virus early antigens, meaning that EBV became reactivated. This patient also had exposure to mold and mycotoxins.  This patient had low IgG and EBV early antigen, which means that EBV became reactivated and the B cells became activated to produce more antibodies. This patient has Th17 dominance and elevation of natural killer cells, which were probably elevated to fight the EBV virus and perhaps for the mold. 

1:02:03  The clinical Importance of lymphocyte immunotyping.  In the case of Grave’s thyroid autoimmunity, most of the patients were Th1 dominant, and when they were treated with antithyroid drugs, the Th1 went down and the Th2 went up, creating more balance.

1:03:04  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis often have Th17 dominance and studies show that methotrexate lowers the levels of Th17. 1:03:16  Patients with Multiple Sclerosis often have Th1 and Th17 dominance, since under inflammatory conditions, these cells can break down the blood brain barriers and get into the brain and cause brain inflammation, resulting in neuronal cells death resulting in either rheumatoid arthritis or Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s and when they get treated with medications, they can bring down the levels of Th1 and Th17 cells.

1:05:12  In relation to COVID, patients who had low lymphocytes and T cell subsets were less likely to survive.

1:05:46  25% of the tests that come into Cyrex show low lymphocytes and exercise and good nutrition are the most important factors that improve this. Exercise increases the production of growth factors that enhance production of lymphocytes.  Other factors that can help include the following: 1. Green jackfruit flour, 2. shitake mushrooms, 3. ganoderma mushrooms, 4. Turkey tail mushrooms, 5. Oyster mushrooms, 6. Glutathione, 7. Curcumin, 8. Resveratrol, 9. Berberine, 10 Lactobacillus ramnosus GG.   To promote the production of B cells we have 1. Probiotics, including lactobacillus casei, 2. Fish oil, 3. Curcumin, and 4. Beta glucan from oyster mushrooms. 

1:07:22  To stimulate the production of CD4 T Helper cells, we have 1. IVIG, 2. vit D, 3. Fish oil, 4. Oyster mushrooms, 5. Ganoderma, 6. Whey protein, 7. Soy protein. 

1:07:32  To promote the production of CD8 cells we have 1. BCG vaccination, 2. vit D, 3. DHEA, and 4. peanut agglutinen.

1:08:09  To bring down the activity of Th1 cells, we have a lot of research and among the molecules that have been shown to help include 1. Corticosteroids like dexamethasone, 2. monoclonal antibodies, 3. Chloroquine, 4. Metformin, 5. IVIG, 6. Dimethyl fumarate, which is a new class of medications called nrf2 activators, 7. vit D, 8. fish oil, 9. resolvins, 10. probiotics, 11. zinc, 12. green tea, 13. vit E, 14. probiotics, 15. curcumin, 16. bromelain, 17. polyphenols, and 18. naringenin.

1:08:45  To lower Th2 activity we have 1. probiotics, 2. vitamin E, 3. fish oil, 4. resolvins, 5. zinc, 6. L-citrulline, 7. L-arginine, 8. L-tyrosine, 9. H. pylori(?).

1:09:12  To promote Treg cells we have 1. IVIG, 2. Azithromycin, 3. Rapamycin, 4. Chloroquine, 5. Dexamethasone, 6. Indole-3-carbinol, 7. Vitamins A and D, 8. zinc, 9. Short chain fatty acids, 10. fish oil, 11. L-arginine, 12. Testosterone, 13. Astragalus, 14. Berberine, 15. Quercetin, 16. Genistein, 17. Curcumin, 18. Lactoferrin, 19.

1:15:20  Natural Killer Cells.  The following substances can promote Natural Killer Cells: 1. Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E, 2. Resveratrol, 3. Probiotics, 4. Short chain fatty acids, 5. Blueberry, 6. Ginseng, 7. Garlic, 8. Ashwaganda, 9. Oyster, 10. Medicinal mushrooms, 11. Astragalus. 

1:19:07  The following conditions are associated with an abnormal Lymphocyte Map: 1. Multiple Chemical Sensitivities, 2. Chronic Fatigue, Fibromyalgia, 3. Certain forms of cancer, 4. Asthma, 5. Allergies, 6. Lupus, 7. Rheumatoid arthritis, 8. Multiple sclerosis, 9. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating  polyradiculoneuropathy, 10. Thyroid disorders, 11. Systemic sclerosis, 12. Autoimmune disease of the Liver, 13. Phospholipid syndrome, 14. Psoriasis, 15. Diabetes, 16. Multiple system atrophy, 17. Uveitis, 18. Heart disease, 19. Alzheimer’s disease, 20. Parkinson’s, 21. Schizophrenia, 22. Recurrent pregnancy loss, 23. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, 24. COVID-19 and other infections.

 

 

 



Dr. Aristo Vojdani is the Father of Functional Immunology and he has dedicated his life’s research to helping us figure out what are the triggers for autoimmune diseases and many of the tests he has developed for Cyrex Labs are focused on this.  Dr. Vojdani has a PhD in microbiology and immunology and he has authored over 200 scientific papers published in peer reviewed journals. Dr. Vojdani is the co-owner of Immunosciences Lab in Los Angeles, which offers testing for various types of infections, including Lyme Disease. He is the Chief Science advisor for Cyrex Labs, whom he has developed all of the testing for, including his new Lymphocyte Map test, which is the subject for this talk. He is also a professor in the Department of Preventative Medicine at Loma Linda University.  

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also specializing in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure and also weight loss and also athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:                            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest in cutting edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness podcast for weekly updates, and to learn more, check out my drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me. And let’s jump into the podcast.

Welcome everyone to the functional medicine discussion group meeting tonight. And we’re very happy to be joined by one of our favorite speakers, esteemed Integrative Immunologist, Dr. Aristo Vojdani, who will be telling us how to identify immune system imbalances that are common in autoimmune diseases, and hopefully give us some suggestions about how to address them. I’m Dr. Ben Weitz, and I’ll start by making some introductory remarks before introducing our sponsor for this evening, which is integrative therapeutics. And then, I’ll introduce our speaker for this evening.

I encourage each of you to participate and ask questions by typing in your question in the chat box. And then, I’ll either call on you or simply ask Dr. Vojdani your question when it’s appropriate. And so, I hope that you’ll consider joining some of our future functional medicine discussion group monthly meetings. We usually meet on the fourth Thursday of the month at 6:30 Pacific Standard Time. And I guess, we’ll continue meeting through Zoom for the foreseeable future. Hopefully, will have in-person meetings at some time soon. Some of our upcoming meetings are February 24th, we have Dr. Howard Elkin and he’ll be speaking on integrative cardiology. March 24th, Dr. Julie Greenberg will be speaking about integrative dermatology. April 28th, Dr. Paul Anderson will be speaking about an integrative approach to treating cancer and May 26th, we have functional maternity with Dr. Sarah Thompson, and if you’re not aware, we have a closed Facebook page, Functional Medicine Discussion Group of Santa Monica that you should join, so we can continue the conversation when this evening is over. And I’m also recording this event and I will include it in my weekly Rational Wellness podcast, which you can subscribe to on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. And if you enjoy listening to my Rational Wellness podcast, I would appreciate it if you could go to Apple Podcasts and give me a five star ratings and review. We have many excellent interviews with many of the top doctors in the functional medicine world.

Now, I’d like to invite Steve Snyder from Integrative Therapeutics, our sponsor for this evening to give us a little information about some of the integrative therapeutic products, which is one of the few professional brands of products that we carry in our office, Steve.

Steve:                                   Hello, everyone. I actually had a couple slides too, but I’ll just not do it because I don’t want to complicate stuff, but Dr. Waserman was asking about some immune stuff for COVID and that’s kind of what I was going to show you guys. We have a few just pretty unique things for immune function that are super popular for us. And the biggest one is called V-Clear. It used to be called ViraClear. We’re not allowed to say virus anymore. So, that sort of gives you an idea of what it’s about. It is an extract of pelargonium sidoides that’s grown and produced by our parent company in Germany. And because it’s marketed as a supplement in Germany, it requires a lot of clinical research to actually launch it.  So, we have about 25 clinical studies on this product, over 10,000 patients, over 3000 kids in all kinds of upper respiratory tract infections, including coronavirus before the pandemic.  There’s actually a study going on right now with the original coronavirus from the pandemic. It’s not done yet, but it looks pretty good.  And basically the bottom line of all of these studies is shorter duration of episode and reduced severity of symptoms. The way it’s marketed is to be taken at the first sign of symptoms.  So, Dr. Waserman, if you want some, I can send you some to try, but we should do it fast, but the reality is, it can be taken preventatively, it works really well for that.  It’s just not super practical, the way that it’s packaged, but in full disclosure, I’ve been taking it for about two years.  It has multi-mechanisms.  It inhibits viral implantation on the cell wall.  It improves ciliary activity. It has virucidal action of its own. There’s actually a study showing better efficacy than amoxicillin in sinusitis. So, it’s the real deal. It’s something that we literally can’t make enough of.  So, if anybody [who is a practitioner] has any questions about it or would like to try it, my email is steve.snyder@integrativepro.com.

The other one I really wanted to mention real fast is our sort of the integrative version of quercitrin. It’s called Alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin. It’s about 18 times more bioavailable than regular quercitrin. So, one of our 33 milligram capsules is equivalent to about 500 milligrams of the other brands on the market. It’s been a huge, like literally can’t make it fast enough. Everybody wants that and zinc because the course of it helps get zinc into the cells and zinc is, there was a point where you couldn’t get zinc anywhere.  The AGI we call it, because it’s hard to say, is another thing that’s been super popular for us over the last two years. Typically, people think of it as part of an allergy regimen or anti-allergy regimen and we sell it for that. But over the last two and a half years, the immune aspect of it has become a major point. And then, we have a zinc, standalone zinc chelate. It’s 30 milligram capsules, a hundred capsules in a bottle and it’s nine bucks retail. So, there’s nothing as inexpensive as that out there. And so, that’s pretty much it for right now. So again, if you have any questions, email me and we’ll set you up.

Dr. Weitz:                            Great. Thanks, Steve. And somebody asked if you could type your email into the chat box.

Steve:                                  I can try.

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay. Thank you. So, let me introduce our speaker for tonight is Dr. Aristo Vojdani, the Father of Functional Immunology, and he’s dedicated his life to helping us to better understand some of the root causes of autoimmune diseases as well as how to treat them. And many of the tests he has developed for Cyrex Labs are focused on this, including his newest test, the Lymphocyte Map Test. Since we are speaking about autoimmune diseases, I just wanted to mention the shocking news report from a new paper that was just published today in a British medical journal. I know this will come as a surprise to all of you, but they are reporting that vitamin D and fish oil reduce the risk of autoimmune disease.

Dr. Vojdani has a PhD in microbiology and immunology, and he’s authored over 200 scientific papers published in peer review journals. Dr. Vojdani is the co-owner of Immunosciences Lab in Los Angeles, which offers testing for various types of infections, including Lyme disease. He’s the chief science officer for Cyrex Labs, for whom he’s developed all their tests. He’s also a professor in the department of preventative medicine at Loma Linda University. Dr. Aristo Vojdani, my friend, Ari, thank you so much for honoring us with your presence tonight.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Thank you so much, Dr. Weitz. And thank you all the participants. Tonight, I’m going to speak about a very, very important test, which from the bottom of my heart, I believe that every one of us should have this test once a year as part of our annual checkup. So, I hope by end of the presentation, Dr. Weitz, at least I will convince you hopefully that you’ll decide to do this test on your own blood.

Dr. Weitz:                           Oh, absolutely. I just got the test kits in yesterday.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Okay. Thank you.

Dr. Weitz:                           I can’t wait to do it.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Thank you. So, recently, very recently, about a month ago, I published this article in the journal called Pathophysiology about the role of exposomes in autoimmune diseases. And this figure is taken from there. So, what are exposomes, you’ll see a little bit later on, but they are in general infections, dietary components, toxic chemicals, gut microbiome and effect on the immune system, which may result in autoimmune disease. For genes plus exposomes are responsible for many, many autoimmune diseases, but gene or genetics is only one third. The exposome or the environmental factors are the other two third. So, we have to pay attention more to the environmental factors when we talk about inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. I like very much this article and look at the title of this article, which was published in Frontiers in Immunology about a year ago, environmental exposure and autoimmune diseases contribution of gut microbiome.

That’s exactly what was in those in earlier slide. So, they talk about this dysbiosis of gut microbiome is another important environmental factor, which can alter our immune system, our barriers, our mucosal immune system, that can result in autoimmunity. But you’ll see, I emphasize this sentence in blue and that is the most challenging aspects of autoimmunity is to identify the early events that trigger immune dysregulation and autoimmunity.  So, environmental factors affect the immune system and the more sensitive biomarker based on my opinion is lymphocyte mapping.  And that’s what we are going to talk about tonight.  In the same article, you see that they talk about environmental factors, silica, trichloroethylene, smoking, mercury, pesticides, pristane, and many other toxic chemicals, inducing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation.  ROS can affect, inhibit good gene, enhances bad genes, for example, DNA damage.  And all of that will have a significant effect on the immune system because lipid peroxidation results in neo-antigen formation, what is neo-antigen formation meaning?  Some of these chemicals such as mercury bind to body components, albumin, hemoglobin, smooth muscle, IgG, then results in auto-antibody production, for example, rheumatoid factor is IgM produced against our own IgG.  Furthermore, you see that these neo-antigens affect the T-cell. Tonight, we’ll talk a lot about the balance between Treg versus TH1 and TH17. Tregs are the good guys regulating the immune system and TH1 and TH17 are the autoreactive lymphocytes, when become overactivated by releasing all these inflammatory cytokines can have significant effect on body composition in general. So, these regulation in T-cell, low Treg, high TH1 and TH17 causing cell mediated immune overreaction, and then communication between the T-cell with the B cells results in activation of the B cell, which the B cell then produces auto-antibodies such as anti-nuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor already mentioned, double stranded DNA, smooth muscle antibody, mitochondrial antibody. And the final result is going to be autoimmune disease. I really love this article, which was published in Frontiers in Immunology, actually summarizing probably my work of 25 years.

So, what are the exposomes?  You can see in here, there are two parts associated with exposome, the external environment, which I talked about, but we have to include stress, lifestyle, indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollution, diet, and additives. Please do not forget salt. This is an opportunity. Too much salt is activating T helper 17 and vitamin D downregulating TH17.  So, when you talk about, we have to take our vitamin D, please also think about reducing the amount of salt that you take.  Medications, infections, xenobiotics.  So, those are external environmental factors.  Now, we have internal environmental factors, protein modification. We have more than 600 different proteins get modified internally for many, many reasons that we don’t know about. Our gut flora plays a significant role in inflammation and autoimmunity and on this side you have proteins adducts and many other factors. So, we have to pay attention to the exposome factors.

This is a cover of one of my books that you see the immune system right here, the GI, and the nervous system, and direct communication between these three systems. And of course, if you ask the neurologist will say, this one is the most important one, the nervous system. Ask the GI, they will say, yes, the gastrointestinal is more important. I am as immunologist, I’m going to fight with them and saying the immune system is more important because it’s communicating both with GI and with nervous system. So, any abnormality anyway, in result of miscommunication between immune system, nervous system, and GI system may result in autoimmunity, which should be in the middle. So, this is gut brain immune access.

So, that will take us since I believe that the immune system is the most important one. Let’s classify the immune system in a simple manner. The mucosal immune system, which our first line of defense, our Homeland Security. Mucous membrane, secretory IgA. SARS-CoV-2 should break down the mucous membrane before getting into the lungs. And secretory IgA is the most protective against SARS-CoV-2. The next humoral immunity, which is the antibodies, IgG, IgA, IgM. And of course also in the case of allergies, we produce IgE. So, remember game, IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE. Those are the antibodies, but tonight, I’m going to talk mainly about cell-mediated immunity.

T-cells, B cells, NK cells, cytokines, I’m not going to talk about, but indirectly, yes, I will talk about. So in each one of these, these components of the immune system, we have both innate and adaptive. So in the case of innate immune response, three very important cells, dendritic cells, mass cells, and macrophages by taking up the foreign materials can protect the body against these pathogens. The adaptive immune response, also dendritic cells play a role, but by communicating with not even T-cells, which are not being differentiated, they become TH1, TH2, TH3 which is Treg, T17, some natural killer cells and together protecting the body against all the enemies. So, that was a little bit introduction about innate and adaptive immune response. So, let’s put together the picture because unfortunately in the media or the media misled people about the immune system and how the immune system works.

That’s why I put the neuron in here, and you’ll see why I put the neuron in here. So, when we get exposed to a virus such as Corona, the first line of defense, as part of the innate immunity, the macrophages will take that up, internalizing it. And since the virus is very huge molecule, they have to break it down to smaller size called antigens, like nucleoprotein, spike protein. Then, the nucleoprotein or spike protein and other proteins taken up by antigen presenting cells presenting it to T helper cells. So up to here, we are talking about innate immune system, but here, these are components of adaptive immune response that will release either TH1, cytokines, such as interferon gamma, and IL2, activate some T-cells to become cytotoxic lymphocytes. And the job of cytotoxic lymphocyte is to go after the corona virus or cells infected with coronavirus in order to protect the body against that infectious material. When cytotoxic lymphocytes finish the job, they are going to leave behind memory T-cell and memory cytotoxic T-cells.   So if the vaccine did not protect us, which we know that is a reality now, and we get for the second time, or for the second time the same virus get into our body, this memory, cytotoxic memory cells and memory T-cells immediately will go after the virus and try to stop the virus to infect even the macrophages. And that’s how the body become victorious against different pathogens. This part of cytotoxic lymphocyte is also part of innate immune system, because unconditionally will go after pathogens and try to stop them from infecting our body.

Now, in the presence of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, and others, becomes T helper cell, either Th1, or Th2, and then collaboration with B cells becomes plasma cells, and plasma cells have the capacity to produce antibody IgG, IgI, IgM, and IgE antibodies, and in this particular case, the antibodies will recognize the coronavirus. However, after finishing the job of producing antibody, in majority of the cases, this antibody may stay in the body for a year or two, six months, depends on the antigenicity or structure of the antigen, but that will leave behind short term and long term memory B-cell.  So when the next time the body will have some encounter with the same virus, these B-cells on the normal condition take 14 days to be in place. But this time within a day or two, they will become activated, especially the long term memory cells will start making antibodies and antibodies will go after coronavirus. So altogether the cytotoxic lymphocytes, T-cell, memory T-cell, memory cytotoxic T-cells, and memory B-cell protect the body, not only against the viruses today, but against the viruses tomorrow and even next year, and probably even in next 20 years. So please, based on this principle of the immune system, do not accept what they told us in the media, that the memory lymphocyte will stay in the body only for one year or two. No, the memory lymphocytes are comparable to memory neurons.  If I will see Ben on the street, because I have seen him before, right away, I can recognize you, right? That’s thanks to my memory cells in my brain. The same thing, our memory B-cells, our memory T cells are going to recognize the virus if we had an encounter with that virus six months ago, five years ago, 20 years ago.

Dr. Weitz:                            Now, what’s the difference between the memory B-cells and the memory T-cells?

Dr. Vojdani:                        Okay. Each one of them have different function. The memory T-cells, as you could see in here that mainly they are memory cytotoxic lymphocytes. Their lineage is they have different receptor on their surface. Their job is different.  The memory B-cells job is when the antigen is in the body, they will become plasma cells, and will double produce antibodies. So T-cells do not produce antibodies, the B-cells are going to produce antibodies. So together, the T-cell response plus B-cell response in the form of antibody is going to protect the body against the pathogens. So this was the most important slide. That was the main reason I spent so much time on this. So let’s move on.

So the immune system in people is as diverse as height, beauty, intelligence, and other human features. Our genome, lifestyles, and exposomes affects our immunotypes. Immunotypes, meaning the pattern of lymphocytes. And so therefore, we cannot treat every individual with specific disease with the same medication. So this is the message of lifestyle medicine and personalized medicine. So now, if B cells in the presence of different exposomes, they become Th1, T helper one, T helper two, T-Reg cell, Th9, Th17, the combination of Th1 and Th17, Th22, combination of Th2 with Th22, and the last one is follicular T helper 9.  As you can see, each one of these T-cell subsets have different function. For example, Th1 is involved in pathogenic inflammation and auto immunity, Th2 involved with allergies and hyper sensitivities. T-Reg cell, protection against pathogenic inflammation and autoimmunity, keeping the balance. Th9 is involved with allergic response, T helper 17, although is protecting us against extra cellular pathogens, but when become overactivated participate in inflammation and autoimmunity. And of course, when we have the hybrid cell, hybrid between Th1 and Th17, this is the most pathogenic lymphocyte. So because it does participate in pathogenic inflammation autoimmunity, Th22 in skin dermatitis, psoriasis, Th2 Th22 allergies hyper sensitivities, and Th9 high affinity auto-antibody production.

But there is a point I would like to make in here. Each one of these cells, as you can see, produced different cocktail of cytokines. In the past, I’m saying in the past, many individuals were classifying Th1 and Th2 based on the cytokine they produced.  In fact, there are some practitioners still, they measure Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and they tell you the patient is having Th1 imbalance, or Th2 imbalance. And tonight, I’m going to tell you that’s wrong. Why? Because let’s look at interferon gamma. You’re seen here, it’s produced by Th1, right? Look at interferon gamma here, it’s produced by Th9. So when you measure interferon gamma as a measure of Th1, how do you know it’s produced by Th1 and not by Th9? IL-17 is produced by Th17, but IL-17 also is produced by natural killer cells, NKT cells. So when you measure that as a measure of Th-17, how do you know that IL-17 is not produced by NKT? So in summary, I would like to tell you the best way is to stain and count each one of these cells directly, and not to go after indirect bio-markers. And that’s what exactly we do at Cyrex.

So, furthermore, did you know that in addition to lymphocyte that release cytokines, red blood cells produce cytokines, or release cytokines, or absorbs cytokines, and then release them. Platelet release cytokines. So again, when you measure Th1 or Th2 cytokines, how do you know they’re not produced by red blood cells, platelets, or other type of cells? So that’s the question I’m putting in here? How are you sure the cytokine that is measured is produced by Th1, Th2, Th17, or T-Rex? We are not sure. So that’s why we have to measure immunity by counting different lymphocytes directly, which we call this lymphocyte map or lymphocyte mapping.

So why we have to measure immunity with lymphocyte map, because immune system is essential to protect our body against infection, I already mentioned that. Cancer and other environmental factors. The exposome factors, intrinsic and extrinsic factor have a significant effect on the immune system years before disease development, and sometimes 20 years, that’s the beauty of lymphocyte mapping. So these are some of the factors associated with effect on the immune system. And abnormalities of the immune system can lead to autoimmune disorders, allergic diseases, immune deficiency, and many more that I’ll show you, even Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular disease, and more. So quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of lymphocytes subsets provide an opportunity for not only for early detection, but for prevention of many immune disorders that affect one out of three Americans.

So here, the list of cells that I started measuring in 1989, the time which AIDS was discovered. And so therefore we were doing lots of close cytometry, including T cell, B cell, CD-4, CD-8, and natural killer cell, that’s all. But with advancement in the field of immunology and availability of monoclonal antibodies specifically made against different cluster differentiations, now we can stain additional cells directly, such as Th1, Th2, T-Rex cells, Th17 and other type of natural killer cell. So we used to call this partial immunophenotyping, which was very limited.

And today, this is what we are measuring. The upper part, what we used to do all the way up to 2010, and this is the addition including Th1, Th2, the ratios, T-Reg cell, Th17, and the ratios that we are doing today, which is the major breakthrough. And by the way, this is done in many research laboratories, but Cyrex is the only clinical laboratory doing the lymphocyte immunophenotyping, including all of these, which we call it comprehensive immunophenotyping, or the lymphocyte map. So let’s go back to COVID profiling, deep immune profiling of COVID patients, and talking about distinct immuno type with therapeutic implications. And Dr. Weitz, if I need to stop for 30 seconds after this message, you are more than welcome to interject something in here.

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Because the message is extremely important because what they found that when they looked at several hundred of patients with COVID during hospitalization, they found one subgroup, they had hypo activation of the immune system, low white blood cell count, low lymphocyte, low CD-4, low CD-8, low Th17, low Th1, low Th… Everything was low.  Second group, hyperactivation of the immune system. Everything was elevated. And you’ll see some examples. And the third group were comparable… They had COVID, but they were comparable to healthy people. Their immune system was comparable to healthy people. So the question I’m putting in here, and I had COVID, I was hospitalized for four days. So how come, even until today, all patients with COVID are treated with the same cocktail of medication.

Dr. Weitz:                            Well, when all you have is a hammer and we use the hammer for every job you have.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Yeah. So we realize, or we know we appreciate that personalized treatment. And if you read this sentence right here, these immunotypes may have implication for design of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID 19. This was published more than a year ago.

Dr. Weitz:                            Now, what about we hear all the time, the real risk of severe COVID has to do with this cytokine storm that happens in the lungs, and so that’s the reason, I think, for using the dexamethasone is that everybody with severe COVID has this cytokine storm is extreme inflammatory process that we’re trying to intervene in.

Dr. Vojdani:                        I will have an answer for you. First of all, there are lots of articles, and you’ll see in my continuation of my presentation, that the one with low white blood cell counts, low lymphocyte, low CD-4, low CD-8, it makes sense. When you don’t have enough soldiers to fight for you, then the body’s not going to survive. The cytokines storm and other… Whatever factors produced by these few lymphocytes in our body. So the one who did not survive in the hospitals were the one who were suffering from hypoactivation of the immune system, not hyperactivation of immune system, relatively. Okay. So let’s continue. So here example, this article, I think published very, very recently.

Dr. Weitz:                            But by the way, you’re saying that patients had low white blood cells prior to getting COVID, not that their white blood cells got low after getting COVID.

Dr. Vojdani:                        They say at the time of hospitalization. So obviously they had probably low white blood cell counts and low lymphocytes before.

Dr. Weitz:                            Right.

Dr. Vojdani:                        I believe so. Yes. So here example, and in this article, they found that the threshold for T-cell was 400, CD-200, and again, we used to say individual with less than 400 CD-4 cell, they may have AIDS. Now they reduce that to 200. So this is the extreme, CD-8 less than 100, B-cell, less than one to 20. And I believe that also is less than 100. So conclusion, the results of this study suggest that evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte in COVID 19 patients could be valuable in the study of the immune responses to the disease and the prognostication and of the outcome. So if you have a picture like this, the probability of surviving the virus is very low. But in individual with hyper activation of the immune system, even you have cytokines store, the probability of surviving the disease is much, because you have so many soldiers that are fighting for you.

Okay. So let’s look at some examples. So this is my own blood. Okay. So what are we looking at? This is before COVID. White blood count, very nice, total lymphocyte, beautiful, and B and T-cell ratio 5.6, CD-4 CD-8 ratio 2.7, and you’ll see the normal ranges, Th1, Th2, 3.9, right in the middle, Th-17, T-Rex 1.5 again, in the middle, and NK cytotoxic, NK normal, I had few extra NKT cell, which I don’t think in here cause any problem in my body.

So these are the seven components that we use for interpretation of the test results. That’s why I call them the magnificent seven to look at these for interpretation of results. So please remember this is before COVID. Now, when I was in the hospital and few, when I released from the hospital, this is what I did. Look what happened. This is hyperactivation of the immune system. The T-cell were increased by 20, 30%, helper cells were increased, Th1, Th2, T-Rex cells went down, and NK T-cell also went up significantly. So this is five months after, because the test was not available. Okay. Then I repeated the test three months after that, look what happened.  So almost everything, almost went back to normal. So this is the beauty of lymphocyte immunophenotyping and classification to hyperactivation and hyperactivation of the immune system. So yes, Dr. Weitz, I had cytokine storm, hyperactivation of the immune system, but I did survive the disease, because my soldiers knew how to fight, because of my lifestyle, my normal lifestyle.

Dr. Weitz:                            And, and somebody who had low white blood cell count, if you give them dexamethasone, that’s going to suppress their immune system even more, and that could be why those patients who don’t respond don’t do well with that treatment.

Dr. Vojdani:                        That’s the exact point I made and I agree with you that imagine the person is having only 600 lymphocytes instead of having couple thousands. You put them on dexamethasone. So even if those cells could produce some beneficial cytokines, they’re not going to produce them anymore. You inhibit them. So that’s why, unfortunately, those who died in hospitals, they were suffering from low number of soldiers. Okay. Let’s continue now.

Dr. Weitz:                            And what percentage of our population probably has low white blood cells, especially considering, since the topic is autoimmunity, how common these drugs that suppressed part of the immune system are that are often used to treat autoimmunity.

Dr. Vojdani:                        We have a round table discussion every other week, by Cyrex. Another meaning you order your own lymphocyte map. Then two weeks later, you can participate in this round table discussion and I’ll put your test result, without of course, revealing your name. We’ll discuss your patient’s test results. Only based on what we got at Cyrex I can attest that about 20 to 25% of those orders came through Cyrex had very low lymphocyte count, T cell and B cells helpers, suppressor, and so forth. Okay. So now let’s go to methodology.

Dr. Weitz:                            Hang on one second. Somebody asked a question. Since your immune system was working so well, why did you end up being hospitalized?

Dr. Vojdani:                        First of all, it wasn’t needed to go to the hospital. But always, you have to listen to your wife. Because the doctor told her that, “He has the beginning of pneumonia.”

Dr. Weitz:                            On the basis of what?

Dr. Vojdani:                        Well, was listening to my-

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        … Lungs. And, by the way, they put me on a medication, Remdesivir. It is proven that Remdesivir prolongs stay in the hospital, or prolong the patient’s stay in the hospital. So they’re not using it anymore. Was published in several articles.

So let’s move on to methodology. The methodologies is called flow cytometry. What is flow cytometry? The study of cells, as they move in fluid suspension, allowing multiple measurements to be made per cell. Another meaning, we can count more than 20,000 cells in less than one minute. Imagine when I was in graduate school and the professor put me behind the microscope to count 20,000 cells. How long would’ve taken? Probably a week. So now, in a minute with, high reproducibility can report a results.  So what do we do? We take drop of blood, mixing it with mixture of monoclonal antibodies, which each one have different color. And each cell we have different cluster differentiation, CD. Like T cell has cluster differentiation, 23, or three. B cell has cluster differentiation 19, specifically. And the same thing for Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. Okay? So the antibodies now, if they are red, they will bind only to cluster differentiation specific to that monoclonal antibody.

So now when this mixture of cells go through the sheath fluid, they get separated based on their color, red or green. And then, when it goes into very narrow area, the laser will hit. The red cells will go to one direction and the green cells will go to another direction and will count 20,000 cells and will give us the percentage of T cell, B cell, T helper 1, T helper two, Th17, regulatory T-cell and natural killer cell. So this is the principle of the methodology.  So again, you see that B cell has specific cluster differentiation, CD19, it’s right here. You are not going to find that on CD4, you are not going to find that on CD8. And CD4 cell, okay, there is cluster differentiation at four, you are not going to find that on B cell, you are not going to find that on CD8 cells. And the same thing, CD8, which is covered in this area, is going to be found on cytotoxic lymphocyte and not on other type of cells. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies going to stain specifically CD4, CD8, Th1, Th2, Th17 and more. So in less than one minute, the computer will count 20,000 cells and classify them based on their characteristics or their CD marker on the surface of lymphocytes. So that’s why measuring cytokines became obsolete after this, because we are directly staining the cells and we are counting the cells.

So now let’s look at some examples of patients with autoimmune disease. This is a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. So please, just be with me, and let’s look at up to CD4-CD8 ratio. What do you see? That was a test I used to do between 1989 to 2010. I would’ve reported everything normal for this patient, correct? But when you do measure, Th2 is low, Th17 is high. Then the ratio Th17-Treg is high. The NK cell is high, but overall, this patient is Th17 dominant. And therefore there are many nutritional factors, medications can decrease the number of Th17 and increase the of regulatory T cell, and return the immune system to complete balance. And that will help patients with lupus erythematosus. And by the way, vitamin D is one of those, can bring down the number of Th17 by increasing the number of regulatory T cell.

Dr. Weitz:                           Now is she Th17 dominant because of lupus? Or is the Th17 dominance part of the causation of lupus?

Dr. Vojdani:                        No one really can answer that question. Based on my opinion, could be both. Okay. Environmental factors can increase the number of Th17 years before systemic lupus erythematosus. But if you don’t do anything about it in individual who is Th17 dominant, most probably that person will end up five years, 10 years, 20 years later, with full blown lupus or other type of autoimmune disease.

Dr. Weitz:                           Sorry, what do you say-

Dr. Vojdani:                        Do we have-

Dr. Weitz:                           What are you saying will bring down the Th17 more directly, other than vitamin D bringing up the Tregs.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Please, please. Wait.

Dr. Weitz:                           Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        I have slides specifically for that.

Dr. Weitz:                           Terrific.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Okay. Yeah, let’s go. So the next item is patient with Lyme disease, multiple chemical sensitivity, repeated concussion, and Dr. Mosnik is very familiar with those patients. Elevated 21-hydroxylase, meaning adrenal insufficiency, elevated parabens, toxic chemical exposure, reaction to many foods like out of 180 measured by Cyrex about 70 of them were abnormal. So highly reactive, antinuclear antibody one to 80.  So when we did this, guess what, first of all, you see that number of helper cells are elevated, 1,174. And relatively CD4-CD8 ratio is 3.9. The ideal for me is around two. Then T helper 1 is increased, and T helper 17. So this individual was classified as Th1 plus Th17 dominant. And this is an answer to your question, Dr. Weitz, this individual doesn’t have autoimmune disease, but is having Lyme disease, exposure to chemicals and adrenal insufficiency, chemical antibodies, food immune reaction. So this is a classical patient. If the doctor will not take care of this individual down the road will develop full blown autoimmune disease.

Dr. Weitz:                            Now, if you correct the Lyme disease and some of the toxins and, and food sensitivities, will the immune system go back into better balance?

Dr. Vojdani:                        I have no doubt. I have no doubt. Yes. But as we do more testing, we learn every day. So now, that was relatively high CD4-CD8 ratio. So look at these patients. Multiple chemical sensitivity, they react to everything. Look at the ratio of CD4-CD8, even is less than HIV and AIDS. We used to call this chemical induced immune deficiency syndrome. So, unless you take care of chemical sensitivity, which is not easy, these patients react to everything, perfume, name it, everything. So never CD4-CD8 ratio should be less than one. The best is two. As soon as goes higher than three, it goes towards autoimmunity when it goes below than one that goes towards immunodeficiencies. So we have to take care of that.

Now this is the opposite case. Look at CD4-CD8 ratio of 5.6. This patient is having inflammation and autoimmunity. What kind? I don’t know. That’s what the doctor told us. But again, high CD4, relatively low CD8 resulted in ratio of 5.6. I do see this in patient with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and many other disorders. And then you see the patient also is having very high Th1. So it is also Th1 dominant. So the high number of T helper cells actually, most of them are Th1 and some of them also are Th2. So the patient is mainly Th1 dominant, and therefore they have to take care of the increasing, probably, the number of cytotoxic CD8 cells return the balance between CD4-CD8, and hopefully that will also result in correction in the number of Th1 and Th2 cells.

Go to the next one. This individual, as you can see, had low IgG2. EBV early antigen, this is not IgG antibody elevation. Early antigen, meaning EBV became reactivated and B cells became activated to produce more antibodies, whether mold exposure was part of that, I really don’t know, but here we see combination of two different pathogens, molds and Epstein-Barr. Caused what? Significant elevation in Th17. This individual is classical Th17 dominant, with elevation of natural killer cells, because natural killer cells probably tried to fight the Epstein-Barr virus, and maybe even the mold.

So you see these, abnormalities are found not only in patient with autoimmune disease, patients exposed to environmental triggers. So those were some of the cases. What is the clinical importance of comprehensive lymphocyte immunophenotyping. And as you can see in here, first of all, this is based on articles I read in scientific journals, and this evidence is in different journal articles in relation to different autoimmune diseases. For example, in Thyroid autoimmunity, they found patients, most of them, were Th1 dominant. When they treated them with antithyroid drugs, the number of Th1 went down the number of Th2 went up, and therefore more balance between Th1 and Th2. And that shows that the treatment that the doctor gave to that patient was working for that specific patient.

Dr. Weitz:                            So this was patient with Grave’s, right?

Dr. Vojdani:                        Yes.

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        The same thing, I’m not really going to read this again, in rheumatoid arthritis, Th17 dominant, they claim that methotrexate brought down the number of Th17 and there some publications in scientific journals that I read about, and this is one of them.  I read more multiple sclerosis, Th1 and Th17 dominant. Why? Because these are, remember, the hybrid cells. These cells, under inflammatory condition, have the capacity to break down the blood-brain barriers and get into the brain area, cause inflammation in the brain, resulting in neuronal cell death that result in multiple sclerosis and in some cases, even in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. So when they put them on medication, they could bring down the number of Th1 and Th17. And the patient did not have relapse for a long period of time.

The same story about scleroderma and lupus, mainly Th17 and also Th1 and Th2. After treatment, they saw significant improvement in the patient’s condition by doing the lymphocyte immunophenotyping. Psoriasis also, when they were treated with Anti-IL 17, that’s a new medication that they block production of IL17, by so-called Th17, but other cells also producing IL17, they could see significant improvement in inflammatory condition in patients with psoriasis. In relation to COVID, already talked about that those who had low lymphocyte and T cell subsets relatively did not survive the disease. And many of them passed away in the hospital, unfortunately.

So this is the proof of concept that lymphocyte immunophenotyping and treatment, where if works, we can see that by follow up testing with lymphocyte immunophenotyping. So now I’m going to share with you few flowers. Okay. So you see the lymphocyte. I said that 25% that tests that come to Cyrex, they have low lymphocytes. How can we increase that? All of these are in here, but none of them can get close to this and this. Exercise and good nutrition.  At least, three or four articles published in science or nature that showed that exercise increasing production of growth factors that enhancing production of different lymphocytes. And of course, good nutrition. And therefore, I’m not going to read all of this. Okay. Because we don’t have time to go through each one of this.

Next, B cells. We have only few items, but definitely probiotics and specifically Lactobacillus Casei. IgG, this one. So you see lactobacillus, lactobacillus, DHA, fish oil, beta glucan, curcamine. So all these can increase the number of B cells, which is very important.

Next, CD4 cells. IVIG, vitamin D, again fish oil and many others. CD8, so unfortunately we have only few, and BCG vaccination is one of them. And by the way, BCG vaccination also is protective against COVID, because BCG shares homology with SARS-CoV-2. Peanut agglutinen, it’s only one publication. And again, vitamin D. So vitamin D is really the most important molecule. DHEA, five milligram per day.

Look at Th1. Monoclonal antibodies, there are medications, corticosteroids, you have dexamethasone and metformin. The rest are fish oil, zinc, vitamin D, green tea, fish oil again, resolvins, polyphenols, curcumin, bromelain are instrumental in bringing down the activity of Th1.

Th2, you’ll see sometimes the same item may be in both. Why? Because sometimes the issue is immune regulation. They regulate the immune system and therefore, back to balance. So these are, again, you’ll see vitamin E probiotic, zinc, fish oil and many others.

Treg cell is one of the most important one that you should take care of in patients with autoimmunity. So here IVIG, azithromycin. It is enhancing the activity of Treg cells. Chloroquine, if I’m allowed to mention today also increasing the activity of Treg cell. Dexamethasone, and of course, indole-3-carbinol, short-chain fatty acid, L-arginine, DHA, astragulus, Quercetin, berberine, curcumin, lactoferrin, you’ll see that all these factors can regulate the Treg cells and bring down or back to balance Th1 and Th2 imbalance.

Th17 again, chloroquine, IVIG, dexamethasone, metformin and the other factors. But again, remember sodium chloride is increasing, not decreasing the number of Th17 and increasing their activities also to produce more IL17.

So now sub item in the almost was everywhere, correct? So now I would like to share with you the article that I read yesterday in nature immunology, roll of the T-cell vitamin D receptor in severe COVID-19. And they showed that giving vitamin D can bring down the activity of Th1 and increasing the Trx cells, bringing down Th1 and Th17. And so therefore should be recommended for patients with COVID-19. And this is the cover of nature immunology. So bear with me for a few seconds.

So CYP24A1 is a gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme called 21-hydroxylase, the blue. This is the enzyme, this is the vitmain D. Correct? So this enzyme help to convert vitamin D to di-hydroxylated vitamin D. And di-hydroxylated vitamin D get into the nucleus and down regulate Th1 and Th17 and that’s in the next slide. Okay?

So in individual with vitamin insufficiency, T-cell become over activated and they do suffer from inflammation. And if we do not correct that individual may end up with autoimmune disease. Because they produce lots of IL17, because Th17, IL22, interferon gama, they produce less IL6 and IL10, which IL10 is regulatory cytokines. Now we give vitamin D to these patients and they become vitamin D sufficient. So vitamin sufficient, they produce less the cells.

Dr. Weitz:                            Somebody asked is it –

Dr. Vojdani:                        Less IL17, they produce less IL22, they will produce less interferon gama, but will produce more IL6 and IL10. And these cells in the presence of vitamin D can resolve inflammation. This is the message of this article from nature immunology. Did you have any question?

Dr. Weitz:                            Yeah. One of the questions is, it’s common in the functional medicine world that we typically prescribe vitamin D with vitamin K2. In this context, is that also important?

Dr. Vojdani:                        I personally take vitamin D with vitamin K and they do not mention in this article, but other articles discuss the importance of additional vitamin K to vitamin D. Thank you for asking that.

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        So that is very well accepted.

Dr. Weitz:                            Also, are you able to share your slides with us and if not, can we get a list of these nutrients that work with these different factors?

Dr. Vojdani:                        Okay. I can provide you with a list of references.

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        By the way, for each one of these, I have between two to five, sometimes 10 different articles. For example, resveratrol, I can name 10 different articles that can activate natural killer cells. For example, for some, I have one or two. Some I have five, some I have 10, so I can share with you definitely. The references is better that way.

Dr. Weitz:                            Okay.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Because I’m not promoting any product in here.

Dr. Weitz:                            Right.

Dr. Vojdani:                        But references definitely you can share with audience. Tomorrow morning that will be the first thing I’ll do for you.

Dr. Weitz:                            Great. Thank you.

Dr. Vojdani:                        So natural killer cells. Again, I did work with vitamin C 500 milligram to 1000 is the most ideal, but there are others, including ashwagandha, medicinal mushrooms, astragalus, all of them can increase the activity of natural killer cells.  So now in the last few slides, I really would like to bring your attention to this fascinating article published in Journal of Immunology. It was so important that the editor in chief wrote some review article about all of this. So they emphasizing the importance of microbiome. Remember in my second slide, environmental factors, plus the gut microbiota, the bad microbiome may contribute to all autoimmune disease, but here they emphasize the importance of good microbiota and recommending very strongly to use prebiotic and probiotics. Why? The mechanism is right here. Let’s look at why you have to have one apple a day. So you see the picture of the apple, right?  It has lots of inulin, which makes good microbiome to produce short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate rate and that butyrate rate activate Trx cell and inhibiting the inflammatory cells. This is one example. Liver, colic acid, gut microbiome can change that to deoxycholic acid. Again, deoxycholic acid activate Trx cell and inhibit. First of all, inhibits macrophages, but improves or enhances gut barrier function, which is the root cause of many autoimmune diseases. That’s why detoxification is so important. And again, the reference is right there. This is in journal of immunology about three months ago.

The third one in is the tryptophan that they took it out of the market years ago, unfortunately, but food containing tryptophan is metabolized by the gut microbiome, production of indole and indole derivatives by the gut microbiome and again inhibits, like Th17, but enhancing the gut barrier function. So therefore the importance of probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D and other nutritional supplements for patient who may have abnormal lymphocyte map. So let’s conclude that what disorders so far based on the articles that I read in scientific journals could be associated with abnormal lymphocyte map, multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, cancers, asthma, allergy, hypersensitivity, variety of autoimmune diseases, all the way to here psoriasis, phospholipid syndrome, diabetes, multiple system atrophy, uveitis, heart disease, including cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, schizophrenia. And also I have read this article about recurrent pregnancy loss, especially when they have too many natural killer cells, especially NKT cells, and then also COPD, and of course COVID and other infections.

So the last two slides in conclusion, I would like to summarize again, why is so important to measure immunity with lymphocyte map? Because the immune system is our homeland security. It is our policeman, our police department. It is our army that is protecting us against many environmental factors. And these are the environmental factors and abnormalities of the immune system. Down the road can lead to immune disorders, auto immunities and immune deficiencies. And quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of lymphocyte subsets provide an opportunity for the early detection and prevention of many immune disorders that affect one out of three Americans. And finally, I would like to emphasize the importance of personalized immunity for personalized medicine. So it is important to look at lymphocyte map and based on abnormalities in lymphocyte map to provide the patient with personalized medicine.  Hopefully that personalized medicine will take care of abnormalities of their lymphocyte map. And so finally, finally, I would like to emphasize that and go back to that slide from science that individual with hypoactivation of the immune system should be treated differently than the one with hyperactivation of the immune system and with the one even they don’t have any abnormalities of the immune system.  And with that, thank you so much. And I’m ready to answer any question if you have.

Dr. Weitz:                            So that was excellent, Dr. Vojdani. So my first question is, let’s say a patient comes into your office and they already have autoimmune disease. Let’s say they have rheumatoid arthritis or some other autoimmune disease. And we know that we have toxins, food sensitivities and infections that can trigger autoimmunity. And now we know that these immune imbalances can be factors. If we were going to decide what to do first, would it make sense to address food sensitivities, infections, toxins, or would we want to try to balance the immune system first?  What would you think a reasonable clinician should do?

Dr. Vojdani:                        I will answer your question a little bit differently, but I will answer also that specifically. A patient is coming to you for the first time. Where do you start? And that’s the question. Some start with array 2, which they do measure the integrity of gut barriers. Some start with the lymphocyte map, but I will start with lymphocyte map and looking at the barriers. Because the barriers plus lymphocyte map can guide me to the environmental triggers, which causes some of these abnormalities. In one person could be food, in one person could be toxic chemicals, in another person could be pathogen and in some could be all the above. So that’s how I will start.

Dr. Weitz:                            So somebody asked, if we’re treating their immune imbalance based on lymphocyte map, are we treating the root cause? Are we treating a downstream effect of say food sensitivities or toxins?

Dr. Vojdani:                        You are not treating the root cause, unfortunately. You are treating the results. Hopefully after lymphocyte map also you’ll get to the root cause of the problem. Because, let’s take example, your patients is reacting to lectins and agglutinins. They could not or they cannot digest lectins and agglutinins, especially wheat germ agglutinin and phytohemagglutinin, which is produced by beans, kidney beans example. If they don’t digest that and they make antibodies against these agglutinins, those antibodies cross react with thyroid for oxidase and causing thyroid autoimmunity. Unless you remove that food from the diet of the patient until the gut barriers are repaired. Until you provide digestive enzymes to that patient, make sure that undigested molecules in this case, lectins and agglutinins will not get into the blood of the patient.

Dr. Vojdani:                        And patient will not make antibody against that regardless how much the patient’s Th1 and Th17 is abnormal. If you don’t take care of the root cause still six months later, some of these may go back to square one where we started.

Speaker 1:                          Dr. Vojdani, how often do you find that people test positive to antibodies to lectins to more than one lectin?

Dr. Vojdani:                        I would say about 20% of the cases.

Speaker 1:                          Okay. Thank you.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Welcome.

Dr. Weitz:                           Now, Dr. Vojdani, what do you think could be the best marker for, let’s say we’re treating a patient with autoimmune disease. From a functional medicine approach, we’re trying to get to the root cause. Let’s say they get whatever treatment they need maybe for symptoms, but we’re trying to get to the root cause. What is the best marker that we’re treating the underlying auto immunity? Is it, can we expect autoimmune antibodies to go down? Can we expect the lymphocyte map test to improve? What do you think is the best way for us to know show objective progress, not just say on the fact that their TSH is normal, but that we’re getting to the underlying autoimmune process?

Dr. Vojdani:                        I have no doubts that we have to look at both, the antibodies and also the lymphocyte map. Because in many autoimmune diseases, both antibodies and cell-mediated immunity play a significant role. So you have to look at antibodies and you have to look at lymphocyte map in order to find whether or not your treatment made a difference in the life of your patient.

Dr. Weitz:                           So do we have good data that say, for example, antibodies going down correlates with, say less likelihood of destruction of their thyroid on a long term basis?

Dr. Vojdani:                        I think there are lots of articles in the literature and also in relation to lymphocyte map, I will show three or four slides towards the end of my talk.

Dr. Weitz:                           Okay, great. So both those could be measures of -?

Dr. Vojdani:                        Yes.

Dr. Weitz:                           Great. Okay. Any other question? How often should we retest for this patient’s evaluation with a lymphocyte map, say?

Dr. Vojdani:                        You can learn from my test after COVID between three to six months. Because cell-mediated immunity, for example, we have abnormal Th17, is not going to change overnight. The same thing for Th1 and others. They’re not going to change overnight. When you make intervention, wait, please, at least three months, but even I will recommend six months and then repeat the test.

Speaker 1:                          Dr. Vojdani, when you’re talking about cholic acid, we’re basically talking about bile acids, is that correct?

Dr. Vojdani:                        Yes.

Speaker 1:                           So it sounds like it’s important for us to make sure that our patients bodies are producing bile acids adequately.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Yes. Correct. Thank you for mentioning that.

Dr. Weitz:                         Okay.  Okay, great. We’re going to wrap it there unless there’s any final questions. That was a fantastic presentation, Dr. Vojdani. Thank you so much for the information.

Dr. Vojdani:                        My pleasure, and tomorrow I will send the references.

Dr. Weitz:                           That’s great. I can’t wait to take my lymphocyte map test. Okay. Thank you everybody and we’ll see you next month.

Dr. Vojdani:                        Bye-bye.

Dr. Weitz:                          Thank you.

 


 

Dr. Weitz:                            Thank you for making it all the way through this episode of the rational wellness podcast. And if you enjoyed this podcast, please go to Apple Podcast and give us a five star ratings and review. That way, more people will be able to find this rational wellness podcast when they’re searching for health podcasts. And I wanted to let everybody know that I do now have a few of openings for new nutritional consultations for patients at my Santa Monica Weitz Sports Chiropractic and Nutrition Clinic. So if you’re interested, please call my office (310) 395-3111 and sign up for one of the few remaining slots for a comprehensive nutritional consultation with Dr. Dr. Ben Weitz. Thank you and see you next week.