Dr. Jeffrey James discusses Hypothyroidism with Dr. Ben Weitz.

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Podcast Highlights

3:17  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common form of low functioning thyroid or hypothyroidism.  Dr. James noted that he has seen hundreds of women suffering with hypothyroidism and most of these women don’t even get tested for Hashimoto’s, since from the perspective of conventional medicine, if the woman has low functioning thyroid/high TSH levels, they will be treated with Synthroid or levothyroxine, which is synthetic thyroid hormone.  If it has an autoimmune origin, it doesn’t change the pharmaceutical outcome.  But if you have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis you have an immune system problem rather than a primary thyroid problem. We need to try to understand what would cause your immune system to dysregulate and want to attack your own body tissues?  Unfortunately, once you have one autoimmune disorder, you’re 50% more likely to develop another one.  Dr. James explained that a lot of women complain that they’re exhausted, they’re putting on weight, they’ve got brain fog, they’re losing their hair, they’re constipated, their skin is dry, they’ve got brain fog, they have this constellation of symptoms, and they’re cold.  When they go to their doctor, out comes the prescription for Synthroid.  Unfortunately a majority of women end up back in their doctor’s office after a few months or a few years and they don’t feel any better.  Their primary MD or endocrinologist then tries to dial in their TSH.  If they are depressed, then they get prescribed an antidepressant like Effexor or Cymbalta. If they have headaches, they get prescribed Imitrex.  If their blood pressure goes up, they are prescribed antihypertensive medications like Lisinopril or Amlopidipine or hydrochlorothiazide.  Dr. James sees a lot of these women who feel like they are not being seen or their complaints are not being addressed by their physician. 

9:10  Functional Medicine practitioners are not simply treating each symptom with a pharmaceutical drug to ameliorate that symptom but are looking at your underlying metabolism, physiology, endocrinology as well as the root causes of the autoimmunity that is often driving these imbalances that can often be corrected with diet and lifestyle changes.  The patient with hypothyroidism could have an underlying GI infection or a biotoxin illness. They could have a genetic susceptibility to not being able to process mycotoxins that are either in their environment or that are in their foods that they’re eating. They could have a Lyme infection. They could have a viral infection or a gut infection, a parasite or a bacterial infection in their gut that’s driving an immunological response.  Any of these things can create a low level inflammatory response that can affect thyroid production, conversion, or uptake, all of which create symptoms that are very similar.  From a Functional Medicine perspective we want to see which way the physiology is tilting and we want to see if their lab values are optimal and not just normal or not. 

11:05  The medical system in our country where once per year you go in for a physical exam with very minimal testing only to look for a pharmaceutical intervention is a failed system. Just look at how poor the health of our country is.  We need to test more widely to see how well our bodies are functioning.  For thyroid, we need to look at not just TSH but total T4 and T3, free T4 and Free T3, and reverse T3 as well as the thyroid antibodies. We need to trace everything back to the mitochondria of the cell and how our bodies produce energy.  We eat a meal and breathe some oxygen in and that glucose and oxygen mashes up against the mitochondria to produce ATP.  Even if you want to be energetic if your mitochondria are having trouble producing energy, then will make you down-regulate your energy use and your body will tend to keep you in bed and this may occur through thyroid under-conversion and you may see a low TSH and a low T4.  

We also need to look at the immune function and the level of natural killer cells, which are what might go in and attack the thyroid gland.  We need to look at liver enzymes. If there are gut symptoms like constipation or diarrhea we might want to do SIBO breath testing and/or stool testing. Dr. James also often runs genetic testing, including a DRB1, 3, 5, and a DQB test from LabCorp, which will tell you if you are susceptible to mycotoxins or other biotoxins.  If they have susceptibility to toxins, then he will run the Total Tox Burden test from Vibrant America. 

                    

                         



Dr. Jeffrey James is a Doctor of Chiropractic, a Chiropractic Neurologist, and a Functional Medicine practitioner and his office is LA Functional Neurology.  He has been in private practice in West Los Angeles since 1989.  His website is DrJeffreyJames.com. His office phone is 310-396-3100.

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure.  Dr. Weitz has also successfully helped many patients with managing their weight and improving their athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.

 



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness Podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest in cutting edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness Podcast for weekly updates and to learn more, check out my website, drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me, and let’s jump into the podcast.

                                Hello, Rational Wellness podcasters. Today, we’ll be speaking with Dr. Jeffrey James about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that’s responsible for the metabolism of every cell in our body. When the thyroid is functioning sluggishly, we refer to it as hypothyroidism. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common form of hypothyroidism in the US now that iodine deficiency is fairly rare since we started adding iodine to salt in the 1920s. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common autoimmune disease in the US. From a conventional medical perspective, Hashimoto’s is easy to address. Simply prescribe synthetic thyroid hormones, Synthroid, end of story. But from the functional medicine perspective, it’s much more complicated.   We want to know what are some of the triggers and causes of this autoimmune disease. What has led to a thyroid not functioning properly? What’s led to the progressive damage to our thyroid gland? We want to know what things might be inhibiting the proper production of thyroid hormone and what we can do to help the thyroid to work better and produce optimal levels of thyroid hormone. We want to know what factors are involved in the conversion of T4 to T3, et cetera. Dr. Jeffrey James is here to provide us with some answers. Dr. James is a doctor of chiropractic, a chiropractic neurologist, a functional medicine practitioner, and his office is LA Functional Neurology. Jeffrey, what else do you want to tell us about your background and yourself?

Dr. James:           So actually, the office is actually drjeffreyjames.com if patients want to look.

Dr. Weitz:            Oh, okay.

Dr. James:           Like you have two practices, the functional medicine side and the structural side. So the functional medicine side, they’re going to want to go to drjeffreyjames.com.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay.

Dr. James:           What do I want to add to that, about me? Nothing. You did a good job, Ben. You did a good job. That’s good. People don’t want to hear about me. I don’t care. They want to hear about what they can do for themselves, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Sure.  But you’re the expert, so they want to know who you are. So tell us what is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, what should we think about it?

Dr. James:           So you already said it, so I didn’t know we were only going to talk about Hashimoto’s, but-

Dr. Weitz:            Oh, well, did you just want to talk about hypothyroidism in general?

Dr. James:           I think we should riff on all of it so people get a better understanding of what-

Dr. Weitz:            Sounds good.

Dr. James:           Hashimoto’s is the number one, the leading cause of hypothyroidism, at least in the United States right now. And as you said, the traditional medical treatment for that… By the way, I don’t know how often you see this, but I am specialized in hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s for, I don’t know, a long time. I’ve seen hundreds of women with this. It’s primarily a female issue, but like 10, 15% of the cases are even tested for Hashimoto’s. So I guess, it begets the question of, first of all, if it’s the number one cause, why is it not the number one thing being tested? And what I’ve come to realize is because it doesn’t really change the pharmaceutical outcome.

Dr. Weitz:            Exactly.

Dr. James:           So if you have a tool in the toolbox and that tool is Synthroid or levothyroxine, generic form, it doesn’t matter whether you’re diagnosed with your TSH is high and you’re diagnosed with hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s, the prescription’s going to be the same.

Dr. Weitz:            Exactly.

Dr. James:           But what your listeners need to understand, I mean, I think a lot of your practitioners will understand everything I’m talking about, nothing new there. But if you’re a patient and you’re dealing with this, then what you really need to understand is that if you have Hashimoto’s, you don’t have a primary hypothyroid problem, what you have is an immune system problem. It may eventually cause a primary hypothyroid problem, but really what you have is a dysregulation of your immune system. And then, you really have to start to understand, well, what would cause your immune system to dysregulate and want to attack your own body tissues? And the unfortunate thing is, according to the research, is that once you have one autoimmune disorder, you’re 50% more likely to develop another one and another one. So that’s a good starting place for them, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah.

Dr. James:           Synthroid or levothyroxine apparently does have some protective properties in protecting against autoimmunity against the thyroid, but I think it’s pretty small. I think the bigger thing is is looking at if you’ve been diagnosed with Hashimoto’s. Well, first of all, let’s take a step back. A lot of women come and they’re like, they’ve been dealing with this for years, is the biggest issue, where they’re exhausted, they’re putting on weight that isn’t going away. They’ve got brain fog, they’re losing their hair, they’re constipated, their skin is dry, they’ve got brain fog, they have this constellation of symptoms, they’re cold. It really doesn’t take a rocket scientist and go, “Well, that sounds like hypothyroid symptoms.” So they go to the doctor and the doctor runs their lab tests and it says, “Oh, your TSH is high,” which means you’re hypothyroid. So out comes the prescription for Synthroid.

Dr. Weitz:            Correct.

Dr. James:           So a portion of those patients, as you’ve probably seen them, they get well. The doctor says, “Come back in a couple of months and let’s check you again.” So if you go back in a couple months and everything, you feel good. And your TSH is in that range. And in California, the lab range of LabCorp is 0.45 to 4.5, which is big enough to drive three trucks through side by side. It’s kind of a crazy range. But if you’re in that range and you feel fine, then you’re done. Then you go off to the races. You go off and enjoy your life.  But what happens is a large majority of women go back to their doctor after a bit and they’re like, they don’t feel any better. So the doctor is then playing the game, typically of just trying to dial in the TSH. So if it’s too low, then he’s going to back off on your TSH. If it’s too high, isn’t going to give you a bit more. He might move it from 88 micrograms to 100 micrograms or whatever’s starting places. And they play that game of just trying to dial in your TSH, which is one of about 24 different patterns of hypothyroiditis.

Dr. Weitz:            Correct.

Dr. James:           There are five real primary ones, but there’s 24 different patterns. So once he’s got that TSH dialed in, the woman goes back and goes, “Well, I still feel like crap and I’m not losing the weight.” Well, you must just be depressed. So now, out comes the Effexor or the Cymbalta, and the antidepressants. And then, they start getting headaches. Well, now here comes the Imitrex. Well, now another 10 years go by, the blood pressure’s getting worse, so here comes lisinopril and amlodipine or Diovan or hydrochlorothiazide or one of those.  And then, what I see is a lot of the women that I get to see are typically, they’ve gone down this road for so long, they feel gaslit by their practitioners. They don’t feel seen. And our culture, it’s doubled down for women because our culture doesn’t really honor women as they age, let’s say, so they don’t feel seen in public. I remember my brother saying this to me. It made me laugh really hard, but I was like, “Wow, this is how women feel.” My brother, when he turned 60, he’s like, he goes, “I’m sitting in a restaurant alone.” He goes, “Women don’t even walk in and go look at me and go attractive, unattractive, because it’s like I’m a potted plant.” They don’t even notice.

                                I laughed at him, but I’m like, “God, this is how I think a lot of women feel.” And then, they don’t feel, maybe the health issues and other things are creating conflict in their marriages. They don’t feel seen by their husband, their spouses, their partners, and they go to their doctors and doctors are like, “Everything is fine.” Why? Because they’re looking at the TSH and that’s dialed in, and yet they still feel like crap. So by the time they hit 60s, then the number one thing I see happening with women, and maybe you see this too, is they’re either pre-diabetic or they’re diabetic. So now, out comes the metformin with the glyburide or the glipizide are now the new wonder drugs, Ozempic and Wegovy, and all these new things that are GLP, GLP-1 agonists.

Dr. Weitz:            Of course, you can’t get a prescription of those for diabetes because so many people are taking them for weight loss that there’s none available.

Dr. James:           And you hear about the people who are complaining of freaking out because it causes gastric paralysis.

Dr. Weitz:            A whole series of GI problems. Causes gallstones, causes pancreatitis, gastric paralysis, intestinal obstructions. When a large number of people are taking a drug for a reason other than what it’s prescribed for, you’re sort of asking for trouble.

Dr. James:           Agreed. And even if you’re taking it for what it’s prescribed for, what we do as functional medicine practitioners is not just go, “Oh, that’s not working. Well, let’s give you a drug to replace the thing that’s not working.” Is to go, “Well, why is the thing not working?”

Dr. Weitz:            Right. So basically, what you’re describing is the problem that a lot of people are facing chronic health problems with conventional medicine, which is simply treating each symptom with a pharmaceutical drug instead of looking at the underlying cause of what’s happening to your metabolism, your physiology, your endocrinology, and what can we do to change your diet and lifestyle, et cetera, to get to some of these root causes.

Dr. James:           Yeah, right. So that’s certainly one level of it. And then, the other level of it is, so autoimmunity is its own beast. But then, the problem is is that I think what I see because I treat a lot of thyroid patients is, number one is that we’re often blaming the thyroid for other issues that are going inside the body. It’s a little bit like blaming the thermometer for the weather. So sometimes, the thyroid is dialed in, but the symptoms look the same. So somebody could have a GI infection, they might have a biotoxin illness. They could have a genetic susceptibility to not being able to process mycotoxins that are either in their environment or that are in their foods that they’re eating. They could have a Lyme infection. They could have a viral infection or a gut infection, a parasite or a bacterial infection in their gut that’s driving an immunological response.   And any of these things that create these low level inflammatory responses, not only do they affect thyroid conversion and thyroid uptake and the manufacture of thyroid hormones, but a lot of these things cannot affect the thyroid and just in and of themselves create symptoms that look very, very similar. So this whole idea of this once a year physical is clearly a failed system. Look at the health of our country. It’s just a failed system to run minimal tests. So you have to look wide to go what’s going on with the patient’s body? So I think the model that we’ve all been brainwashed and grown up inside of is one where doctors test in a limited fashion because they’re looking at like, is there a pharmaceutical intervention? And what we as functional medicine doctors are doing, we’re looking at, well, where’s the physiology tilting?

                                So if I see a few things off over here, even if they’re in range, doesn’t mean they’re optimal. And how is that impacting and how does that affect what’s going on over here? Are your liver enzymes too low? Are they too high? How’s your kidney functioning? How’s your carbon dioxide? Oh, one of the things that I see commonly is how if you trace everything back to the cell and you go back to our eighth grade biology, and you look at the mitochondria as an example. So the way that we make energy is we eat a meal, we breathe in some air, and that glucose and oxygen mashes up against the mitochondria to produce ATP. The byproduct of that is two things, well, free radicals and carbon dioxide. So you look at like, well, there’s a lot of free radical production.  So if you drive a car and you don’t change your oil regularly, what happens? Your car becomes less efficient, and maybe you start screwing up your engine. You get less miles per gallon, and maybe it eventually it seizes up or it stops working entirely. And our bodies, when we’re producing free radicals and we live in a more and more toxic environment, and we start to accumulate these in our body, then what I see often is the body is downshifting. It’s saying, “Hey, man. I don’t want to make energy because my primary goal is to survive. So if I increase my metabolic activity, it’s a kamikaze run for me.” If you wake up in the morning and decide and looks up and goes, “Come on, I want to wake up with energy today and I want to lose weight.” And your mitochondria look up and go, “Yeah, I’d rather make you fat, lazy, and stupid, but I’m going to stay alive, so I’m going to keep you in bed.”

                                So the body has a way of compensating. It may create thyroid under conversion patterns. It may create what I would call a pituitary suppression pattern where you see a low TSH and a low T4, you go, “That doesn’t make sense. If you’re going to see a low TSH, you should see the T4 cranked up. I regularly see that.” You’re not going to see this in the books. I call it like a pituitary suppression pattern where it’s almost like your hypothalamus and pituitary see so much inflammation in the body. It’s like, “Oh, there’s enough T4 and T3, we’re just going to keep it like that.” So it’s not cranking out, yet the T4 is low. That’s not a normal pattern. Even if it’s inside of a lab range, it makes you wonder, well, what the heck is causing that? Why would the TSH be on the low end and see maybe your T4 is like-

Dr. Weitz:            Those who are listening, you’re talking about some of these labs like the TSH, the T4, the T3. How about if we do a little defining exactly what those are?

Dr. James:           Sure. So TSH is a hormone produced by your anterior pituitary gland, it’s called thyroid stimulating hormone, so it stimulates your thyroid. The pituitary, if you look behind that, is dependent upon hormones being produced by your hypothalamus, which is dependent upon adequate levels of serotonin and dopamine, iron, all these things behind it. But let’s just stay here at the pituitary level. Rabbit holes go-

Dr. Weitz:            Pituitary’s the master gland that’s kind of directing the other glands like the thyroid.

Dr. James:           It’s the conductor, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Right.

Dr. James:           So pituitary secretes this thing called thyroid stimulating hormones. So it stimulates the thyroid to make two hormones called T4 and T3. The majority, as you know, 94% or something, depending upon who you look at, is T4. A small minority of it is T3, but T3 is the active hormone that every cell in our body has a receptor site for. So really, the T4 is really used for the feedback loop. There’s some T3 there too. So as long as the thyroid’s producing enough T4 and T3, you see that thyroid stimulating hormone inside LabCorp’s range of what, 0.45 to 4.5. For years, we used to say, the endocrine society said the optimal range is 1.8 to 3.0. And lately what I’m seeing is 1.5 to 2.0, very hard to keep somebody, you’d have to be tested them every month to keep them inside that tight little range. I personally feel better when my TSH is closer to one. I just feel better. So we treat people, not labs, but we use the last foremost of what’s really showing up there.  So anyway, so the thyroid produces T4 and T3. So if the majority of it is T4 and the minority of it is T3, but yet every receptor site in our body or every cell in our body has a receptor site for T3, then we obviously need to convert that T4 to T3. So the majority of that occurs in the liver, again, why liver function is so important as it relates to thyroid function. And then, another percentage, that 20% or so is converted in the gut, the rest in the peripheral tissues. So that’s sort of the big story.

                                Now, if somebody has Hashimoto’s, this means that their immune system has targeted the thyroid for destruction. So I don’t know if everybody understands this concept, but having high antibodies is not equivalent to high natural killer cell activity. So natural killer cells are the cells that actually go in and destroy the thyroid. So you can have very high antibody counts and have very low natural killer cell activity. You can have very low antibody counts and have very high natural killer cell activity.

                                So I, like you, meet with practitioners, you’ve been amazing in terms of how much you’ve given of yourself to put all of us practitioners together and invite experts in to speak and it’s been very selfless of you. But sometimes I’ll hear people go like, “Oh yeah, I cure Hashimoto’s.” I’m like, “Really? How do you know?” “Why, I don’t see the antibodies anymore.” I’m like, “You don’t understand how the immune system works. That’s not how this works. Nobody’s found the cure for this.” So I want people to be careful. If you could attest Hashimoto’s, you can see antibodies one day and not see them the next. They can be high and then they could be low. And you go, “Aren’t I amazing?” Well, maybe, or maybe you’ve just screwed up the patient’s immune system’s ability to fight something. So it’s just again, a small piece of the picture. Let me come back to where we-

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, I do think when it comes to measuring the antibodies too, we have to be careful not to freak out if the antibodies are slightly elevated as compared to elevated a lot.

Dr. James:           Correct, because of that dysrelationship between natural killer cell activity. Now, if somebody has had Hashimoto’s for 25 years and they’re hypothyroid symptoms, then we need to be concerned. And these people would go like, “I don’t want to be on thyroid hormones.” If half your thyroid’s destroyed, you’re going to need to be on some sort of thyroid replacement. There’s no natural equivalent to that. Just like I tell my patients, “If you have type one diabetes, you need to take insulin. Your pancreatic islet cells don’t make insulin. You need some sort of source or you die.” But let me come back to the Hashimoto’s model. So what gets confusing for patients who have Hashimoto’s is the TSH levels, I don’t know if you see this, they’re up and down, up and down, up and down.

Dr. Weitz:            Sure.

Dr. James:           So somebody has a flare up, their immune system gets activated by either a food they eat, something exogenously walk into a room where it’s formaldehyde off gassing, who knows? They’re exposed to mold. So their immune system flares up and it goes after the thyroid. And now, you have this natural killer cell activity. And what happens is in that moment of the flareup, it’s poking holes in the thyroid. So it’s destroying the thyroid, but it’s not destroying the thyroid gland. So it’s like popping a water balloon. So you pop a water balloon, the balloon is destroyed, but you get water all over yourself.  So in that moment, you have the normal production of thyroid hormone, and then you have this excess production from the destruction of the thyroid. And you may have 10 days a week, two weeks, a month of feeling hyperthyroid, where a patient feels anxious and they have this inward trembling and their heart’s beating fast, and they’re wired and tired, and they got all this stuff. And then, when the immune system flare wanes down, and by the way, if you were to do a test, TSH, in that moment, you might see the TSH being really suppressed. So they go to their doctor and they go, “Wow, the TSH is really low. Now we’ve got to back off on your Synthroid.”  So they lower the dose of the Synthroid, and then when the immune system flare wanes down, they’re just, “I’m so depressed, I’m so tired, so I can’t move.” And now, they’ve lowered their thyroid hormone down. Now, if they ran their TSH, it’s actually really high after the flare up, and the doctors in effect made them even more hypothyroid but backing off. So a lot of patients are going and seeing, and the doctors aren’t really necessarily paying attention to that mechanism because they’re just adjusting for TSH.

Dr. Weitz:            Sure.

Dr. James:           So this is one of the big things that I think women in particular need to be paying attention to and looking at. So if you’re feeling anxious, then you’re cranked up and then you’re exhausted, then you feel anxious, and then you’re exhausted, you’re going back and forth that, that sounds very much like a Hashimoto’s patient. You’re not crazy and your doctor’s just trying to dial in the TSH, and the problem is nobody’s really paying attention to why is your immune system flaring.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. So let’s talk about that. When you see a patient who comes in and they have elevated TSH, maybe they’re already on thyroid and you measure their antibodies or TPO, their TGB antibodies and you realize that they have Hashimoto’s, what’s your next step?

Dr. James:           Well, I look at the rest too. So you’re looking at T4, you’re looking at total T3, you’re looking at free T3, you’re looking at reverse T3. You want to see what the body’s doing. I’m looking at a liver panel. I’m looking at liver enzymes. I’m looking at everything to go, “Well, what’s going on here?” So if they have Hashimoto’s, well, we know there’s autoimmunity, and the concern is based upon the patient’s history, are there any other potential autoimmunities? If there are, maybe we’re looking at doing some other antibody testing to see what’s going on there.  But then, really to get to the root of it, it’s based upon a consultation, Ben. So you talk to the patient, they’re like, “I feel like after I eat, I’ve got a brick in my stomach. I’m really gassy. I have alternating constipation, diarrhea.” Well, I don’t know, maybe you’re doing some SIBO testing. Maybe I’m doing a stool test to find out what’s going on there. I also do genetic testing. So I do this with almost every patient now. I always look for any kind of susceptibility genetically to mycotoxins or any biotoxins, really.

Dr. Weitz:            Which genetic panel are you running?

Dr. James:           So I do a DRB1, 3, 5 and a DQB test. And then, you just go, you plug it into a calculator and it tells you, “Hey, are you multi-susceptible? Are you not susceptible?”

Dr. Weitz:            So which test is that and which lab is that from?

Dr. James:           I just use LabCorp. We can just go in there and Google it. I can send it to you off. It’s not a problem. So you run that and you go, “Okay, this is a patient who maybe has a potential for biotoxin illness.” But based on the history, you go, “Is this something I need to be looking at?” If so, then I’m probably running a total tox panel on them.

Dr. Weitz:            Right, the Vibrant America one.

Dr. James:           I like Vibrant America. I used to use Great Plains, but Vibrant America tests more analytes for less money. So you can do, I look at mycotoxins, environmental toxins, and heavy metals altogether.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. I like that test too.

Dr. James:           They’re great tests. You run on yourself, it’s kind of shocking. For me, it was. I ran one 10 years ago and I was pretty good. And then, I ran one four years ago and I went, “Oh, no. Oh God, where’d all this plastic come from in my body?” In any event, so you look at those things because a lot of these things are endocrine disruptors. A lot of these things are carcinogens. A lot of these things affect your kidneys, your livers… Your livers, your liver. So you got to look like… You could have two livers. You could. Unlikely, but you could. Never 100% sure that you don’t. So you start looking around the body and going, “Okay, well, are they regulating their blood sugars or anything going on there? Do they have insulin resistance?”

                                Well, why do you have insulin resistance? Again, I mean, I’m sure you see people particularly out here, some people eat really, really well and you go, “What the heck is going on that they’ve got a high fasting glucose, but their insulin is okay, and their HbA1c is okay, or they’re eating well and their insulin’s really high and their glucose is high, and their HbA1c is high.” And you’re like, “What the heck is going on?” Well, maybe that’s a compensation, as we talked about before, where the mitochondria going, “I’m going to create insulin resistance here. I’m going to shut down some thyroid production because I want to shut down metabolism, otherwise I’m destroying myself.”

                                So I think conceptually, I’m always looking at, is this the body’s compensation or is this a primary issue? And if it’s a compensation, well, from where? So autoimmunity is fairly near and dear to my heart because many years ago I diagnosed my daughter with PANDAS. So for those who are listening, it stands for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with strep, but the strep heart is like nonsense because really it could be any vector. So my daughter never tested positive for strep, but she had the antibodies against her brain, and that’s antibodies against your basal ganglia is not a cool thing. So basal ganglia are what really? Gate perseveration of thought and motor control. So kids can develop ticks, their behavior goes out.

                                I remember my daughter is really bright, and I remember years ago showing her something, and I think it was the word cat, and she was like, “Dad, I don’t even know what I’m looking at.” I’m like, “Oh, wow.” That’s heavy, right? It’s scary. She’s doing great now, but it was like, I took her to the top neurologist, I will not mention on the East Coast, I want to strangle her. And I had done a bunch of tox panel tests on her, and there was a lot of crap in my daughter. And you’re like, “At that young age?” And she goes, “Oh, it doesn’t matter. It’s just in her urine.” I said, “Well, what comes before the urine? Why is my daughter spilling signs?” “No, no, it doesn’t matter.” “What do you mean it doesn’t matter? How can you be a pediatric neurologist and say that?” I was like, grab my daughter-

Dr. Weitz:            Doesn’t fit into her paradigm.

Dr. James:           Made me so depressed. Made me so depressed. We’re like, “We’re on our own here. We’ve got to figure this out.”

Dr. Weitz:            Well, she wouldn’t know what to do with it anyway.

Dr. James:           Well, and I said, “I didn’t even chelate this out. It wasn’t like I gave my daughter glutathione for four days and then did the test. She’s literally spilling this much crap out of her system. How can you say that this doesn’t have an impact on her immune system?” She didn’t have an answer.

Dr. Weitz:            It’s just not a test that’s part of her worldview.

Dr. James:           Clearly, right? And it’s interesting to me because as a neurologist, what got me interested in all this other stuff was when you start to study neurology, then you’re like, “Oh, God, there’s so much to know in neurology.” And then you’re like, “It gets worse, because now you got to understand everything that impacts the nervous system,” which now, you step into the world of functional medicine and look at all these different inflammatory models because there is the neuroendocrine immune system. There’s the psycho-neuro-endo-immune system. This isn’t like the system of neurology only. And I’m looking at this woman going, “Really?” It’s astounding to me that in this day and age, that you could be that locked in.

Dr. Weitz:            Unfortunately, conventional medical specialists are siloed. Neurologists are just looking at the nervous system and the brain and that’s it.

Dr. James:           Yeah, some are. There’s a great guy here in Santa Monica refer crazy cases to, who’s really a terrific neurologist. But I mean, and endocrinology, my mother, part of why I have this interesting is my mother had her thyroid removed when I was probably seven or eight years old, late 60s. And I watched her yo-yo, man. I mean, she was angry and just overweight, and she drank two half gallon bottles of Tab every day, sugar-free type. Remember that stuff? You’re old enough, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah. Absolutely.

Dr. James:           Right. I mean, she did the Atkins diet, she did the grapefruit diet, she did fricking everything, and died at 63. I’m two years away from that. She had cancer. Do I have evidence that the Tab caused that? No. But her diet and everything in her thyroid dysfunctioning, and I guess the point is is I don’t see endocrinology being practiced a whole lot differently today than it was 50 years ago. I just don’t see it. And in what other realm, really, in what other the realm do we not see advances in technology, medicine, science, et cetera? It’s the same game. It’s the same well, we’ll adjust your T4 and your T3. And that’s the scary thing.

                                So I do webinars and stuff and people say, “Well, what’s the ideal range of T3?” I’ll tell you, “It’s 3.2 to 4.3.” But I’m scared to say that sometimes, because then they’ll go to your doctor and go, “Give me Cytomel so that I can dial this into 3-point…” Again, what if your body is downshifting and trying to say, “Hey, there’s too much crap in the system. I’m going to slow down the conversion.” But we’re smarter than our bodies, so we’re going to override that and give you T3 and burn the engine out.

                                So I think when we start to look in those silos, when we start to look at these labs and try to go like, “Well, what are the ideal numbers?” I mean, it’s a good idea to know what they are, but it’s also a good idea to know, well, what’s influencing those numbers and why is the body doing what it’s doing? Is it a primary issue where the body just can’t convert. No matter what, everything else is clean, fine, do a T4, T3. But if it’s not, well, maybe you’re screwing the body up by actually putting them on a synthetic hormone of T3 as an example. Off my soapbox about that.

                                So to answer your question, so the initial question was like, so what do you do? You listen to a patient, I listen to my patients and go, after doing this for a long time, you get a sense of like, well, what direction, what test do I need to go? What roads do I need to go down? What do I need to test to look? Every now and then, it’s pretty rare these days where I don’t find what I think is one of the primary issues in the first round of testing. And I go, well, I need to look further. Every now and then, you get somebody who’s complicated.

                                Autoimmunity is really complicated. Autoimmunity in and of itself is an inflammatory condition, as you know. So if somebody has Hashimoto’s, then in and of itself is an inflammatory condition. And inflammation, we’ve known this since the ’90s, I have an old, somewhere around here, I have a laminated, think in the LA Times like being published, a patient brought it into me because I was talking back in the ’90s about how inflammation connects all chronic diseases together, and somebody brought it into me and I laughed. I was like, “See?” I mean, it’s so cool 25 years later. But we know that. Why do we pretend that that’s not the issue, Ben? In our system, we pretend that chronic inflammation isn’t at the root cause of whether it’s diabetes, it’s hypothyroidism, it’s heart attack, it’s stroke, it’s cancer. That’s what it is. So the name of the game ought to be, ought to be, that’s what we do, is looking for that thing that’s driving the inflammatory.

Dr. Weitz:            I think what’s happened is it’s become a buzzword. People say, “Yeah, it’s inflammation.” And then, they just prescribe the Synthroid and move on, because it’s complicated, because it’s expensive to do all this testing to figure out what’s going on. You have to spend time, you have to make changes to your diet and lifestyle, et cetera, and it’s a lot easier to just take a pill.

Dr. James:           I agree. But the in amenity of it, is it really expensive to get sick?

Dr. Weitz:            Absolutely. Look-

Dr. James:           I think you have a byline in your emails that speaks to that, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Yes, absolutely.

Dr. James:           What does that say again?

Dr. Weitz:            Sorry, I forgot. But it-

Dr. James:           Tell me if you’re like, those who don’t like to take the time to take care of their health now, certainly will like-

Dr. Weitz:            Exactly. Yeah.

Dr. James:           … find out it’s more expensive to take care of it later.

Dr. Weitz:            Exactly.

Dr. James:           I think… Go ahead. Sorry.

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, I’d like you to address, there’s kind of two issues with this testing thing that I think doesn’t get talked about from the perspective that we have enough, which is on the one hand, patients go to their primary care doctor and get a set of labs, and somehow they’re convinced that all the tests that could possibly be run are run. And I think it needs to be emphasized to people who are listening to this that when you go to your primary care doctor in general and get your labs done, it’s a very limited number of labs, it’s only what the insurance wants to pay for. Typically, about all you’re getting is a CBC, a chem screen, maybe they’re going to do your TSH, maybe you’re going to get a basic lipid profile, and that’s typically all you’re going to get. Now, they might put each test on a separate sheet of paper and make it seem like a lot of labs.

Dr. James:           That’s so annoying, right? Patients come with their phone and go, “Look.” And you got to look at-

Dr. Weitz:            Exactly, you got to go through one thing, WBC on one page, RBC on the next page, and then I show them a Vibrant America labs that we’ve done, and the whole chem screen is on one page, and this is out of 20 or 30 pages of labs. So first of all, patients need to know that the labs that you’re going to get from your typical primary care doctor physical exam are very limited. And that labs can be very helpful in trying to get an idea of what’s going on in your body, trying to determine some of the underlying physiology. I also think there’s a trend in functional medicine where there’s a relatively small number of functional medicine doctors who get on this high horse and say, “Oh, all the other doctors do too much testing. We don’t really need to do testing and just take this probiotic and you’ll be okay.”

                                And so, I think that’s also a limited way of looking at things. And so, I think judicious professional doctors like you and me, we are doing more detailed testing and we’re careful with how much is being spent. We understand that patients have finances, but it’s important to get an idea of what’s going on with your underlying physiology, with these different processes, with toxins, with these things that are affecting your health and over a period of time can lead to all these chronic diseases. And that’s why your patients are just getting treated with one drug for a different symptom after the other.

Dr. James:           Yeah, I mean, we live in a disease management system.

Dr. Weitz:            And the functional medicine model is reasonable and rational and is really the only way to figure out some of these underlying things going on inside our patients.

Dr. James:           Agreed. So there are some doctors, I know some functional medicine doctors that charge, they want $3,500 in testing before a patient even walks in the door. I mean, good for them that they have that kind of practice. I mean, I don’t do that, but patients need to understand that if they want to get well, they’re going to have to spend some money. And I don’t know what’s more important than your health. Honestly, so many people can’t make their health their number one priority and everything in their world falls apart as a result of that. When you offer yourself and you take care of this first, everything else seems to fall into place somehow.

                                And it’s like this lack of, or this expectation, as you said, I guess insurance will pay for my doctor. I mean, I have this saying around here, that was a waste of poke and a hole in your vein, that blood test. A CBC without a differential, a TSH, maybe a T4. And then, you go back or patients will say, “Well, can I get my doctor to run these labs?” Sure. And 99 out of 100 times, we get a third of what we asked for. And then, you go back and you ask them, “Why?” It says, “Well, it wouldn’t change the pharmaceutical outcome.” So we’re looking again, as a functional medicine doctor, we talk about root cause all the time. What does that really mean? It means we’re looking at where is your body not functioning? Where is it functioning and where is it not functioning? Because it tells a story to us of where there’s a breakdown in your physiology and then where to look down, what rabbit hole to go down.

Dr. Weitz:            The other thing has to do with the fact that, I am not sure if everybody’s aware of this, but doctors are not running the healthcare system. It’s insurance companies. And so, I have a good relationship with my primary care doctor and he refers me patients, and I refer him patients back. And patients sometimes come in and want these functional medicine labs and he says, “Look, I can’t do it.” And occasionally, when he tries to run some additional labs, the insurance companies threaten him and they threaten to actually decrease the amount they’re going to pay him because he’s spending more of their money.

Dr. James:           Right. So I don’t like spending a whole lot of time fighting a system that’s way bigger than me. I’m one guy, I can’t fight that. So it’s more of like, “Listen, Mrs. Jones, this is what needs to get done to figure out what’s causing you the last 30 years of your suffering.”

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Yeah.

Dr. James:           “You want to suffer for the next 20 and 30, or do you want to, and just close your eyes and just throw a dart in the dark and shoot in the dark, or do you want to really target and figure out what’s going?” It’s a bit like to continue metaphors. It’s like you go to your mechanic and your car’s making noise and you go, “How much is it going to cost and how long is it going to take to fix it?” Well, the mechanic say, “I need to open up the hood.” “No, no, no. Just like you’ve done this long enough, can you just tell me?”

Dr. Weitz:            Right. So let’s get back to the topic. So how can we help these patients with hypothyroidism? And so, the ones that have autoimmunity, which are the most common form of hypothyroidism in the US, you’ve been talking about toxins, so we can screen for toxins. There’s food sensitivities, we can test for food sensitivities, we can put them on an elimination diet. How do you usually like to handle the food sensitivity issue?

Dr. James:           So depends on the patient’s budget. So an elimination provocation diet is really good, but what I’ve really found recently is I’m seeing a lot of patients come back who don’t notice the change with eggs, for example. And then, I run a food sensitivity panel because I’m not seeing the changes I want. I’m like, “Shoot, there it is.” And then you’re like, “God, if I had done that three months earlier, would I have gotten to it?” I might’ve, but the food sensitivity tests, you can run them all over the place. I do a lab that’s very comprehensive. It’s 450 bucks.

Dr. Weitz:            Which panel do you like?

Dr. James:           I use Infinite Labs because they do IgE and IgG and IgA and IgG3, IgG4. And there’s some correlation between an IgG4 showing up and an IgE where it sort of suppresses the symptomatic experience of an actual allergy. So it’s sort of an interesting test, but if I do a screening, sometimes I’ll just do LabCorp and run a few different basic ones, or use, what’s that, anylabs.com or something. So you can get a few that are, they’re only like six bucks each to run them to get a few. I start typically with an elimination provocation diet to see how they’re doing.

Dr. Weitz:            Fibrin actually has, besides the Zoomer panels, they actually have a multi food sensitivity panel, one that’s pretty reasonable price, I think maybe a couple hundred bucks.

Dr. James:           Yeah, I used to use Cyrex a lot. I’ve not used them for that as much. There’s a variety of different, and every practitioner has a favorite to use. There’s variety, different ways of going about that. I’d say the typical hypothyroid patient, diet’s going to be 40 to 50% of it. The other 50% of it is going to be going down these different rabbit holes and unwinding the physiology and figuring out, well, what’s broken and why did it break and what needs to work. And for some people, they’ll get fixed in better in a few months. And some people, it’s going to take a couple of years. I mean, it just is, depends on how-

Dr. Weitz:            Right. How do you approach these food sensitivities? Let’s say you have a patient who tests as sensitive to gluten or eggs. Do you take them off that food? Do you ever bring the food back or you tell them they have to stop for the rest of their life, or how do you approach that?

Dr. James:           Sensitivities, I have them, eliminate them hardcore for six months. And then, in six months, add it back in and go, “Is there a problem?” If they’re really addicted to something and they want to spend the money, they can go back and retest. Allergies, sorry, it looks like that’s probably a lifelong thing for you.

Dr. Weitz:            And by allergy, we’re talking about IgE.

Dr. James:           Correct. So an IgE is like, yeah, you probably don’t want to go near that. And again, it depends on, we’re always dealing with, I find we’re having this conversation just prior to the podcast. I find that a lot of what occurs for patients, particularly when they start getting to their 50s, 60s, and 70s, is you’re dealing with a lot of psychology. So there’s a lot of unresolved emotion here from just the medical system of feeling gaslit for a lot of women, where they just don’t feel seen inside the system. Most of the thyroid patients are women. So it clearly tells you that there’s a hormonal aspect of that. We haven’t even discussed that. And then, most of the endocrinologists and the doctors seeing are men who were just looking at them like, “You’re fine. Your TSH is fine. It’s all on your head.”

                                And they go back to their husband and the husband’s like, “The doctor says you’re fine.” And so, there’s 30 years of being suppressed and feeling angry about all this, and it’s really frustrating to them. And then, when I start showing labs and showing their husband, a lot of times the husband’s like, “Oh, God. Am I a heel, man? I suck.” Or sometimes they’re still stubborn and antagonistic. And those patients, I often don’t like to take on because I don’t want to create issues in the marriage. There’s got to be like a, “Hey, we’re all in this together.” And that’s really the bigger difference too. This, when we’re talking about lifestyle and diet and fixing things the way that we do is that it takes a village. Everybody has to be on the same page with it.

                                So we’ve got to deal with women’s and men’s, also, psychology and the psychology around food. Because how many people come and go, “I’m a foodie.” I don’t know what that even means. We all love food. There’s like 1 out of 1,000 who goes, “I don’t really care. I do it for fuel.” But most of us really enjoy eating and we enjoy eating what we enjoy eating. And it really sucks when you find out that there’s a food that’s causing you a health problem because you really enjoy that food. “But when I eat it, I feel so much better.” Right, probably because you have an allergy to it and it’s causing a cortisol response, which makes you feel good temporarily, or it’s creating an epinephrine response because your adrenals are fatigued or beat up or whatever vernacular you want to use around it. It creates that kind of a sympathetic response, which makes you feel like awake and alive for 15 minutes. It’s like beating a tired horse.

                                But there is a lot of dealing with that. And then, there’s a lot of ways in which people are disappointed in how their lives turned out and they get to be in their 60s, 70s, it’s like, “This isn’t what I expected.” So now you want to take away the one thing that allows me to feel good, which really equates to really not necessarily feeling good, but maybe being numb and not having to feel what they don’t want to feel. So I would not underestimate how much psychology and emotional stress also plays into thyroid patients, particularly when they’ve been dealing with this for 30 years. Because that emotional stress, that inability to feel self-expressed is an internal type of stress that’s going to dysregulate your blood sugar, cause more cortisol response, which is going to affect your hippocampus, which is going to give you brain fog and short-term memory, which is going to dysregulate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, which is going to cause your cortisol to be high in the evening and low in the morning so you can’t sleep. And now, you’re all effed up.

                                Sorry, that’s not clinical, but this is for me, I think that helping people restore their health, when we talk about people throw the word alternative and holistic around. To be holistic means you do have to address that aspect of it too. You have to address the emotional aspect. You have to address sleep hygiene, you have to address your relationships or you’re miserable.

                                Quick story here. I had a patient I was treating years ago. She had MS and Hashimoto’s, and those two things you do see a lot together. It’s scary, it’s unfortunate. So I’m treating her, and it was like the end of the summer, and I looked at her after a consult and I was like, “You’re not looking good today.” She goes, “I’m not sleeping.” I said, “Why aren’t you sleeping?” She goes, “Because it’s so damn hot.” I go, “Well, turn on the damn air conditioner.” She goes, “I can’t, my husband won’t let me.” I said, “What do you mean he won’t let you?” He goes, “It’s too noisy. And he says like 73, 74 is cool enough.”

                                And I go, “Let me talk to him.” “No, no, no, I don’t want you to talk…” I said, “He said he was supportive of you in the initial consults.” “No, no.” I said, “Listen, you’ve got MS. You need to sleep and rest. If he gets cold, he can put on… There’s only so many clothes you can take off.” And she goes, “I’m literally lying in a pool of sweat at night.” I’m like, “Well, how about…” Said, “No, it would create conflict.” So this is what I was dealing with at the end, which was her relationship was not good. And what a selfish dude to be like, “Yeah, I don’t want to hear the noise so you suffer with your MS.” Really? Put earplugs in, dude. Put on pajamas.

Dr. Weitz:            He probably didn’t want to spend the money.

Dr. James:           On earplugs or pajamas?

Dr. Weitz:            No, no. I mean, for the electricity.

Dr. James:           Oh, maybe. Here’s the interesting, she had kids in England. She went away to England for a month on a vacation. Her symptoms were magically like 100% better. Not only was she sleeping, but the stress of her relationship. As she came back, “I get this is really confrontive for you. I get it. You’ve really got to look at what your marriage is doing to your health.” And she said, “I know. I’m praying about it.” You can pray, but I think you know what you need to do. Pray about what the next step is for you. But it’s no joke, when somebody’s got a life with a partner for 30 years and you’re looking at the dissolution of that, that’s no joke. So we laugh about it. I’ve been divorced. It’s not a joke. It’s not fun. But if you don’t address those things, it has a really terrible effect on your health.

Dr. Weitz:            Absolutely.

Dr. James:           You know the author, the psychologist, Gabor Mate, have you heard of him?

Dr. Weitz:            I’ve heard of him.

Dr. James:           So he wrote a book called When the Body Says No, and it’s all about how there’s all this research coming out, not a surprise, how when we suppress our emotions and our inability to say no to things, that it creates disease in the body. Anyway, end of that part.

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, no, very important. Okay. And where else do you want to take this discussion? Any other parts of dealing with thyroid that you want to talk about?

Dr. James:           I think there’s two things that, particularly if you’re a woman listening to this podcast right now and you’ve been suffering for a lot of years and you don’t know where to go and you’re feeling like some of the things that we talked about, what really needs to be addressed, and you’re probably not going to find it unfortunately, your general practitioner, what needs to be addressed is do you truly have a hypothyroid problem? If you have Hashimoto’s, you know that your thyroid is affected, but then you have to look at what’s causing the immune system to be overactive. So you have to look at blood sugar issues. You’ve got to be looking at your joint. You’ve got to be looking at these toxins, digestive issues. You got to look at hormones. We haven’t even talked about hormones today.

Dr. Weitz:            Right.

Dr. James:           All of these things have a really big impact on your immune system and therefore your thyroid. But also, even if you don’t have Hashimoto’s, all of those things can impact thyroid production, thyroid conversion, thyroid uptake, and in and of themselves create symptoms that look just like a hypothyroid patient, but aren’t being addressed. So your thyroid actually is dialed in, but you have these other issues that typically, again, don’t get looked at. So when you’re in a traditional model, as long as things fall inside of the lab range, you’re fine. But you and I know that just because something falls inside of a lab range doesn’t mean it’s optimal. And so, it’s not typical that somebody’s health is dynamite and then they just fall off a cliff. There’s patterns that you see of things shifting and moving over time that you go, “You’re not going in the right direction, pal. We need to change some things up.”

                                So you’re going to need to just grab the snake by the head and go, “Okay, I obviously have to bite the bullet. If I want to get, well, A, I’ve got to make it my number one priority. B, I’m going to have to do some testing so I can get to the accurate root cause of where the dysfunction is. And then, C or three, I’m going to have to be patient with the process of unfolding and healing, because healing is a process.” Injuring yourself and getting injured as an event. Getting sick is often a process too. So can be an event, you can get COVID, and then that wreaks havoc with your body and does all this other stuff. And that’s another podcast, happy to talk to you about that. But there’s all these different influences impacting us right now in the environment. And so, it isn’t always… The thyroid is not a simple problem.

Dr. Weitz:            Sure. You’re talking about toxins. One thing, I don’t know if everybody’s aware of it, but there are substances like fluoride, which is added to the drinking water, which people are brushing their teeth with, chlorine, which is added to the drinking water as an antiseptic, bromide-

Dr. James:           Bromides in flour.

Dr. Weitz:            Exactly. And so-

Dr. James:           Can I interrupt you here? Because you said-

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, go ahead.

Dr. James:           … in the beginning and I made a mental note of it, and then we went off and I forgot. And that is actually, I see a fair amount of iodine deficiency these days. So I would not say that we’re iodine-sufficient, but that’s another tricky game when you have Hashimoto’s. I don’t recommend iodine for my patients who have Hashimoto’s. If I’ve tested multiple times and it’s not there and I’m no longer suspicious, and there’s other things, I may do like a urinary test to look for, are some of these halites interfering and blocking iodine uptake. You mentioned fluoride, bromide, right? So that’s an important aspect of it too so I’m so glad you came back to that again. Thank you.

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, I have Hashimoto’s. I don’t really have any of the symptoms, but I’ve had elevated TSH for years. And so, one of the things I tried was the high dose iodine because we have certain doctors who are really big on recommending a typical dosage of iodine that you’ll find in a multivitamin is maybe 150 mcg, so that’s like 0.15 of a milligram. And so, these doctors are recommending 15, 20, 30 milligrams of iodine. So my TSH stays somewhere around 7, sometimes I can get it down to 4.5, and it had gone up to 9. So I decided to take 12.5 milligrams of iodine and it went up to 25. So I got off that, added selenium, added some more magnesium. I got it down to 4.7.

Dr. James:           So you’re getting there. You just reminded me of another thing I want to talk about. And that is another thing that happened with me is many years ago I went through a really stressful event and my TSH went up to 95.

Dr. Weitz:            95. Wow!

Dr. James:           I was freezing all the time. Like, “Oh, I don’t feel quite right.” And the denial factor went in really strong. And then, I ran my own blood and I was like, “Oh shoot, I’m going to have a heart attack.” And it’s the same fricking thing. They’re just trying to dial in the TSH and they didn’t fix any of that. I’ve tested myself 50 times, never tested for Hashimoto’s. I take 50 milligrams of iodine every day. It works for me.

Dr. Weitz:            50.

Dr. James:           Like massive amounts. But I ran those tests. So it’s important to look at, and then you think like, “Oh, Brazil nuts are great because they’re high in selenium.” So I ran a food sensitivity test on myself. Guess what I test positive for in terms of food sensitivities?

Dr. Weitz:            Brazil nuts.

Dr. James:           Right. So when people go like, “Well, what’s the thyroid diet?” I don’t know how it is for you. For me, there is no general diet, there’s what’s right for you, because what I said, just have a Brazil nut every day. Now, I’m causing an inflammatory disorder for myself. There is maybe a general thing, and everybody knows if it’s an inflammatory issue, you go on an autoimmune paleo diet, but then that has to be dialed in more perfectly for what’s specific for you for it to work for you. So you found out iodine didn’t work for you. I see that pretty classically with Hashimoto patients. And I know the doctor you’re talking about who likes to use high dose that way.

Dr. Weitz:            Dr. Brownstein, right?

Dr. James:           I wasn’t going to mention his name, but I tested myself and I was really freaking deficient. I was kind of mind blown by it. So I started taking a really high dose and it seems to stabilize me and do really good when I’m like that. I rarely use that with patients, rarely. But sometimes, I have patients who are-

Dr. Weitz:            You got to find what works for each person.

Dr. James:           So this is the key to it, which is there is no generalized, let’s give everybody levothyroxine and have it elevate their TSH. That gets a very small percentage.

Dr. Weitz:            And same thing with diet. There’s some people put out the thyroid diet or don’t eat these cariogenic fruits like broccoli because that will inhibit-

Dr. James:           You have to eat so much freaking broccoli. Who eats that much broccoli? You put in a blender and drink broccoli soup all day long. I know, I love that. I get that on webinars like, “Isn’t broccoli a goitrogen?” Or I’ll have an ad up and it’ll have broccoli. “That’s a goitrogen and you’re a thyroid [inaudible 00:53:15].” Yes, yes, true, it is.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay, great. I think we hit the topic pretty good.

Dr. James:           I think we did. Thank you, Ben, for having me. This was fun.

Dr. Weitz:            Good, good.

Dr. James:           I hope your listeners got something out of this conversation.

Dr. Weitz:            I’m sure they did. Those who want to get a hold of you to have you help them. What’s the best way to get a hold of you?

Dr. James:           Thank you. They can call the office 310-396-3100, 310-396-3100. They can also go to drjeffreyjames.com.

Dr. Weitz:            That’s great.

Dr. James:           [inaudible 00:53:54] there. Thank you.

Dr. Weitz:            Thanks, Jeff.

Dr. James:           Thank you for the plug.

 


 

Dr. Weitz:            Thank you for making it all the way through this episode of the Rational Wellness Podcast. For those of you who enjoy listening to the Rational Wellness Podcast, I would certainly appreciate it if you could go to Apple Podcasts or Spotify and give us a five star ratings and review. That way, more people will discover the Rational Wellness Podcast. And I wanted to let everybody know that I do have some openings for new patients so I can see you for a functional medicine consultation for specific health issues like gut problems, autoimmune diseases, cardiometabolic conditions, or for an executive health screen, and to help you promote longevity and take a deeper dive into some of those factors that can lead to chronic diseases along the way.  And that usually means we’re going to do some more detailed lab work, stool testing, sometimes urine testing, and we’re going to look at a lot more details to get a better picture of your overall health from a preventative functional medicine perspective. So if you’re interested, please call my Santa Monica White Sports Chiropractic and Nutrition office at 310-395-3111, and we can set you up for a new consultation for functional medicine. I’ll talk to everybody next week.

 

Dr. Jeffrey Gross discusses Regenerative Medicine with Dr. Ben Weitz.

[If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.] 

 

Podcast Highlights

1:02  Dr. Gross was a neurosurgeon offering his spinal patients anti-inflammatories and therapy and epidural injections and performing spinal surgeries for 25 years.  He realized that the surgeries that he was performing had not changed much in decades and there were a percentage of patients who did not want surgery and he wanted to find alternatives to surgery.  Dr. Gross looked into stem cells and regenerative medicine to see what alternatives could be offered to patients who did not want to get surgery. 

3:58  Regenerative Medicine is the field of using your own body to tap into it’s ability to heal itself using your own cells activities. When we are an embryo and we are a ball of cells and then we have organs and tissues and those cells have picked a job to do. Before these cells pick a job, they are stem cells.  Stem cells can be coached into different jobs, but once they pick a job, they’re done as stem cells.  The placenta of a mother is very rich in stem cells and the placenta makes a lot of supportive proteins, which we call the matrix.  Stem cells like other cells make signaling particles to talk to neighboring cells called exosomes. 

8:10  Exosomes.  If we take perinatal, amniotic fluid derived stem cell exosomes, we can provide a stem cell signal to a patient. If we use stem cells, each stem cell will also give off thousands of exosomes, sharing their signal with your own cells.  We don’t know if exosomes are better than using stem cells, but exosomes are cheaper and easier to access and they are smaller and can cross the blood/brain barrier, unlike stem cells. 

10:20  Stem cells when given to patients do not go in and form new cells in their body but stimulate their own cells to, for example, generate new cartilage proteins in their knee. Some people consume bone broth or bone marrow and they contain stem cells and exosomes and while cells get degraded when consumed, exosomes do not and can have positive effects on the body.

12:48  For therapeutic purposes, adult stem cells are less effective than perinatal stem cells derived from the placenta or from umbilical cord blood, which are probably less effective than embryonic stem cells.  But true embryonic stem cells derived from embryos are not currently available in the US for therapeutic purposes, though these embryonic stem cells can be induced to go backwards to become pluripotent stem cells and there is a lot of exciting research going on with these cells now. 

14:39  The keys to making stem cells maximally effective include making sure the patient who receives them is maximally healthy to begin with with respect to diet and lifestyle and taking the proper supplements. Both the quality and the quantity of stem cells can play a role in the effectiveness of stem cells.  Adult stem cells are less likely to be effective than perinatal stem cells since they are likely to be damaged by living and exposure to factors that may have damaged them and adult stem cells from fat are less likely to be effective because fat often contains inflammatory signals.  When you take your car for an oil change, you don’t put the old oil back in.

18:14  Intravenous stem cell benefits.  Intravenous stem cells provide a general anti-inflammatory signal to your cells and you switch the pathways from defense mode to improved operations mode.  You are slowing down degradation of tissues and focusing on regeneration of tissues.

 

 



Dr. Jeffrey Gross is a trained neurosurgeon who spent years performing spinal and nerve surgeries and who is now focused on regenerative and anti-aging medicine.  Dr. Gross’s clinic, which has offices both in Henderson, Nevada and in Orange County, California is called ReCELLebrate.  His clinic can be reached at 1-844-4RECELL.

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure.  Dr. Weitz has also successfully helped many patients with managing their weight and improving their athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.

 



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Howard Elkin discusses an Integrative Approach to Cardiology at the Functional Medicine Discussion Group meeting on October 26, 2023 with moderator Dr. Ben Weitz.  

[If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.] 

 

Podcast Highlights

 



Dr. Howard Elkin is an Integrative Cardiologist with offices in Whittier and in Santa Monica, California and he has been in practice since 1986.  While Dr. Elkin does utilize medications and he performs angioplasty and stent placement and other surgical procedures, his focus in his practice is employing natural strategies for helping patients, including recommendations for diet, lifestyle changes, and targeted nutritional supplements to improve their condition.  Dr. Elkin has written an excellent new book, From Both Sides of the Table: When Doctor Becomes Patient.  His website is Heartwise.com and his office number is 562-945-3753.

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure.  Dr. Weitz has also successfully helped many patients with managing their weight and improving their athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.

 



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness Podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest in cutting-edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness Podcast for weekly updates. To learn more, check out my website, drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me, and let’s jump into the podcast.  Welcome to our first live functional medicine discussion group since before COVID. So thank you so much for joining us. Also, this event will be recorded, and it’ll be included in my weekly Rational Wellness Podcast, which you can listen to on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Let’s see what else. We usually meet on the fourth Thursday of the month. Next month, we’re going to meet on the third Thursday because the fourth Thursday is Thanksgiving, so that’ll be the 16th. We have Dr. Akash Bajaj is going to be speaking about regenerative medicine and stem cells and PRP, et cetera.

                                We’re going to take December off. And then January 25th, we have Dr. Vojdani. And then we’ll go from there. We are being sponsored tonight by Integrative Therapeutics. Steve, would you like to come up and say something about Integrative?

Steve:                   I don’t want to come up there, but …

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. Well, I’m going to bring the microphone to Steve.

Steve:                  I don’t think you need the microphone, do you?

Speaker 3:           No, we can hear you.

Steve:                   So thanks for coming, everybody. It’s weird to be live again. Thanks for filling up the room.

Dr. Weitz:            Can you speak on the microphone?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah, it is hard to hear.

Dr. Weitz:            [inaudible 00:01:54] up by the recording.

Steve:                   Oh, I’m sorry. Is that okay?

Speaker 3:           Yeah.

Steve:                   We have some samples of some products back here that we do a lot with the cardiologists that we work with. You probably know most of them. The big one is Cortisol Manager for stress. Stress relief is a big part of all this cardiovascular stuff, so the Cortisol Manager. Allergy relief capsules are back there. That’s a nighttime reduction cortisol so you can sleep better. There’s also HPA Adapt, which is our daytime cortisol stress management product.

                                We also have Curalieve, which is our brand-new curcumin technology. This stuff is going to blow you away. It’s way better than our own curcumin, which has been the number one seller at Fullscript for the last eight years. So take samples of everything. There’s also some little bottles of Neurologix, which is our new cognitive improvement product. Those are seven-day trial bottles. Take two, because two weeks you’ll really notice the difference. It’s spearmint extract, citicoline, and saffron. Within two weeks, you’ll get anybody noticing an improvement. So knock yourself out. Have fun.

Dr. Weitz:            Thank you so much, Steve. Tonight, we have Dr. Howard Elkin, integrative cardiologist, and he’s going to help enlighten us about how to manage patients with cardiovascular risk factors. So, Howard, you have the floor.

Dr. Elkin:              Thank you. All right. It’s great to be back here after, what, over three years? I don’t know about you guys. I got really Zoomed out off of all these months of Zoom calls. Anyway, it’s good to be back. So I’m going to talk about heart disease and why are we still dealing with the numbers? Well, let me show you. It’s still the leading cause of death. I don’t care what anyone says, but more than COVID, more than cancer, more than all the cancers combined.  The biggest cause of death in this country is still heart disease, no matter how you slice it, and it affects women and men basically equally and crosses over all ethnic groups. It’s remained the leading cause. We have about close to 700,000 people dying every year of heart disease in the United States. That’s one out of five deaths. One person dies every 33 seconds. That always just amazes me when I hear that. Every 33 seconds someone is dying of heart disease.  Between 2018 and ’19, look at the cost. I mean the direct cost, 407.3 billion, 251 billion in direct costs and 155.9 billion in lost productivity, people that are out of work because of heart disease. More statistics. In 2020, coronary artery disease, the leading cause of cardiac death, which, of course, makes sense. Stroke, 17.3%. Hypertension followed by heart failure and then diseases of the arteries including peripheral artery disease and [inaudible 00:05:01] circulation.

                                Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease, killing about 376,000 people in 2021. Two out of 10 deaths occur in CAD people less than 65. It’s not an old person’s disease. I’ve had many patients in the course of 36 years that had heart attack, bypass in their 30s and 40s. So it’s not just about elderly people. 805,000 people have heart attacks in this country every year, 605,000 with their first heart attack and about 200,000 of those with previous heart attacks.  This tends to be a progressive disorder. It’s like cancer. It does not get better with age. I can promise you that. This is important to know. 40% of the heart attacks are silent. So as opposed to Kaiser and a lot of HMOs that really don’t deal with preventative medicine, I am very scrupulous about my patients and coronary disease. They’re automatically high risk. I study them scrupulously because of the fact that the silent heart attacks are so common, 45%. It was about 25% when I was a student. So it’s increased incrementally since 1980.

                                What about women? Well, over 60 million women, 44% in the United States are living with some form of heart disease, and it’s the leading cause of death in women more than all cancers combined, more than all cancers combined. Now, about 250,000 women die every year of heart disease. About 42,000 die of breast cancer, yet breast cancer gets so much awareness when it comes to women and mortality. Over 310,000, almost 311,000, so pretty equal with men if you look at the big picture. But again, cancer, 42,000.  Now this is important and I didn’t know this until recently, but 56% of women, only 56% recognize that heart disease is the number one killer. Nearly half of the population of women do not really feel that heart disease is their main problem, their main villain, and it is. [inaudible 00:07:19]-

Dr. Weitz:            What do they think is the main killer? Is it breast cancer? Is that what they’re most fearful of?

Dr. Elkin:              Breast cancer always takes the lead because it’s so ominous sounding. I don’t know. It’s always been this way as long as I can remember, but the death rate is quite disparate. Now, so we talk about risk factors like the primary players. These are risk factors that have been unequivocally been shown to be a risk factor of heart disease, unequivocally. So I always mention hypertension first because I think it’s the most important risk factor of all. And then we have smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, physical inactivity or lack of exercise, and obesity.  We’re going to break these down now. So those are the six primary players that I think any cardiologist or any in the health field would recognize as being unequivocally shown to be a causation of heart disease. Now, hypertension, my favorite, it remains the number one primary player when it comes to heart disease, and the reason why … It’s not just heart disease. It’s also stroke, kidney failure, and dementia. Now it’s been shown that people in midlife that have hypertension, they really have a higher incidence of dementia. So it’s not just about the heart. It’s the brain, too.

                                The reason why I’m so big on hypertension is that the big thing now is endothelial function or endothelial dysfunction. You all heard of that. That’s really the beginning of it. I think most doctors don’t really deal with endothelial. They just deal with numbers, blood pressure, cholesterol. We’ll talk more about that in a minute. But that’s the number one thing that hypertension does. It causes endothelial dysfunction, which will set the stage for inflammation and coronary disease.  About half of the adults in this country have hypertension. That’s a phenomenal number, so about 47%. Most are clueless, meaning they don’t know or they’re undertreated. Part of the undertreatment of the patients are the doctors, they’re not that strict about it. I have patients come to me that their blood pressure’s like 148, 150 over 85. It’s not normal. I don’t care how you slice it, it’s not normal.  If you want to have a nice long life, you really need to know your blood pressure. People need to know their numbers. It’s usually called the silent killer because you don’t have to have any symptoms whatsoever. So most patients don’t know they have it, and it’s undertreated because a lot of people don’t want to take medications. A lot of doctors say, “Oh, your blood pressure’s okay,” when it’s really not.

Dr. Weitz:            All right. In terms of the numbers, let’s say we have a patient. What exactly is the number where it’s okay to try to change your diet and use some lifestyle changes?

Dr. Elkin:              Great question. Exactly. What are the ideal numbers? I always tell the ideal blood pressure is 120 over 70, whether you’re 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 or 100. Now, does that mean I actually try to get that number? Of course not, because I would have people on three different medicines. They’d have to see me every six weeks. But that still is the ideal number to shoot for.  Now, of course, that’s idealistically speaking. Now, when I was a student years ago, 140 over 90 was considered borderline. 140 over 90 now is considered unequivocally hypertensive. But the newest guidelines that came out in 2017 or maybe ’18 now, is that the blood pressure should be 130 over 80. That’s still considered high normal. So if you’re 131 over 81, you’re hypertensive.  I don’t think it’s some [inaudible 00:11:13] plot to make everybody take more medication. I think we have outcome studies that have shown that numbers higher than that definitely increase your chance of developing heart disease.

Dr. Weitz:            But what’s the number you’re going to insist that they have to take medication?

Dr. Elkin:              Well, okay, good question. First of all, I get to know the patient. If I see someone for the first time, and unless their blood pressure’s like 180 over 110, I’m not going to treat because I don’t really know much about the patient. So I really talk about lifestyle.

Dr. Weitz:            Let’s say they’re 140 over 90 and-

Dr. Elkin:              I don’t rush to treat. I work with lifestyle-

Dr. Weitz:            What’s that?

Dr. Elkin:              I do not rush to treat 140 over 90. It’s hypertensive, and I tell the patient that. But I-

Dr. Weitz:            What about 150 over 100? Is that still okay to use lifestyle? What’s the safer way-

Dr. Elkin:              See, a lot of people come in and when they see a doctor for the first time, especially a cardiologist, even though I think I’m pretty un-intimidating, they’re nervous. What happens? The nurse takes the blood pressure initially. Then I come, and I meet the patient. I talk to them and kibitz around with them. And then I’ll take the blood pressure when I’m doing part of my physical exam, and I creep up on them.  They don’t know I’m going to take the blood pressure and, invariably, I get a lower blood pressure reading than the nurse. But most doctors do not repeat the blood pressure. They just go by what the nurse does.

Dr. Weitz:            Now, for patients at home, do you often recommend the patients monitor their own blood pressure?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah.

Dr. Weitz:            And if so, what’s the protocol? Do you ask them to take it three times in a row? Once? Twice? Also, how important is it to have your arm at the level of your heart?

Dr. Elkin:              You want to have the arm at the level of the heart.

Dr. Weitz:            But most medical doctors that I’ve been to don’t do that.

Dr. Elkin:              But that’s incorrect. That’s the way it should be done. I get them involved. If the blood pressure isn’t really within a good number, then I will have them monitor it … I want the patients involved. That’s part of being a medical advocate. Know your numbers, and follow your numbers because they’re seeing me but so often. So I really go by what they’re getting.  I usually have them bring their apparatus into the office and let’s check it against ours because some of them, if it’s within 10 points, I’m happy. If it’s 30 points difference, then it’s time to get a new monitor or that monitor is crap.

Dr. Weitz:            Can [inaudible 00:13:31] also be a significant variation throughout the day? Some people’s blood pressure maybe goes up in the morning when you’re more likely to have heart attacks.

Dr. Elkin:              Characteristically, your blood pressure is highest in the morning because that’s when our stress hormones are raging, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. So typically speaking, evolutionarily speaking, blood pressure’s going to be higher in the morning. As the day goes by, it will drop usually. Some people have a paradoxical rise in the evening, and I can’t figure out why. It is the way it is.

                                Usually, after exercise, you can check their blood pressure a half hour after exercise, it’s going to be the lowest because exercise actually dilates the vessels. There’s less stress, and the blood pressure comes down. So it is important. When I have patients do their own blood pressure, I say, “Okay, make a chart, AM, PM, post-exercise.” So they get to see themselves what’s happening. So I get the patients involved.

                                I don’t think most doctors do that. They just keep them on the medication. The reason I don’t jump on medication unless it’s really high is because it’s like saying, “We know you can’t do this on your own, so we’re just going to start you off on medication.” That really dis-empowers a patient, which is against the way I like to practice.

Dr. Weitz:            When is it appropriate to measure 24-hour blood pressure?

Dr. Elkin:              24-hour blood pressure is a great thing. I haven’t done it because I haven’t found a company that I can really rely on. Patients don’t really want … They don’t want to be inflating, deflating all throughout the night and so forth. But I think it’s a great idea. I’m not doing it myself because I’ve not found a good support of a company. I had a couple in mind and wasn’t happy. But I think it’s a good way to monitor.  But even if they do their own spot checks, get your patients in the habit of taking their own blood pressure. If you have any question, they bring the apparatus in and you check it against yours. I’ve had pretty good success that way. Getting the patients involved with their own blood pressure is really important.

                                So moving on. Seven out of 10 people with first heart attacks are hypertensive. Eight out of 10 strokes are hypertensive. So they kind of go hand in hand. Now, it may be quiet. Let me see. Blood pressure is quiet. You don’t have to have any symptoms at all. I actually like when people have symptoms because it’s kind of a barometer for me if they have headaches or some patients, “I know when my blood pressure’s up.” I don’t know how they know, but they know. I’m glad because it’s very pervasive, and it kills. It’s a silent killer.

                                I think next is what is blood pressure? So this is really systolic, the first number, that’s when the heart is actually contracting. And then the diastolic or the second number is when the heart is relaxing. So that’s what really we’re measuring. Hypertensive statistics, this is important to keep it relative. It’s a genetic component here, guys. So if one parent has hypertension, you have a 24% chance of having it yourself. If both parents have hypertension, it’s a 50% chance.

                                We don’t live by our genes, but we do have to keep them in mind because a lot of people just do have hypertension and it runs in the family. Even though we still don’t know what causes it after all these years, we do know that it has a genetic tendency. It tends to be highest in the morning. It’s not really curable, but it’s treatable. [inaudible 00:17:14]-

Dr. Weitz:            What are the most important dietary factors related to hypertension?

Dr. Elkin:              Okay. Well, interesting enough, this whole thing about salt has been debated forever. I was going to get into this later, but there’s a new test out there, a new genetic test. It’s by, they’re in the Bay Area, Vibrant. Now they have a Vibrant Wellness Connection. This new test, it’s called Cardiax, C-A-R-D-I-A-X, and it tests for 25 different genes. It’s really interesting. So with this new test and I’m just getting used to it, I’m not that experienced with it because it’s relatively new.  I think it’s about $300 for the … It’s out of pocket. It’s not covered by insurance. But you can learn what diet does this particular patient do well with based on their genome? Same thing with pharmaceuticals. When is a diuretic indicated? When is a beta blocker or a calcium channel blocker? It’s really fascinating. So I think we’re going to hear more about this in the future as to what is the best.

                                As far as diet’s concerned, I don’t think you need a low-salt diet across the board. It depends if you’re a salt retainer. How do you know if you’re a salt retainer? There’s no test for that. But if they start getting puffy, they start seeing an increase in blood pressure, they’re salt-sensitive and they generally need to reduce their salt. It’s more common-

Dr. Weitz:            With a patient with hypertension. Is it worth if they haven’t tried salt restriction, trying salt restriction? And on the other hand, is potassium, magnesium, the other types of ions, is it beneficial to bring those up as you bring the salt down?

Dr. Elkin:              First of all, I use potassium, which helps to lower blood pressure. Magnesium is also very useful. They’re the two things that I use. Also, I use some other supplements we’ll talk about later. But I always go with weight loss is very important. If your patients lose 10% of their current body weight if they’re overweight, and most of them are, then they’ll drop their blood pressure almost across the board. Almost across the board.  Two things I found in maybe my anecdotal experience in 36, 37 years. Number one is weight loss. Another is retiring from your work. It almost always drops.

Dr. Weitz:            One more quick question in terms of hypotension, what is the number that you worry about if the blood pressure is below?

Dr. Elkin:              Good question. When do I worry about hypotension? I don’t worry about it unless the patient’s symptomatic. I mean some patients have blood pressures at 90. My blood pressure’s 100, 104 systolic. My daughters both have low blood pressure. So it really depends. If they’re not symptomatic, if they’re not complaining of dizziness, I don’t really worry about it.  I have a lot of people with heart failure, and these patients tend to have really low blood pressures because they’re on medication. First of all, their pumping function is decreased. Second of all, they’re on medications which can lower their blood pressure. So I have to be especially careful with them. There’s a new device that I’ll be using soon that can actually help with volume status because we don’t really know the volume status.     One of the things I tell people with heart failure is to weigh yourself naked every morning. Just keep a chart. If it waivers between three points, you’re fine. If all of a sudden, you see a blood pressure rise of five points, it’s water. So those are the kind of tricks that I’ve learned to use over the years.

                                Okay, let’s see what’s … Okay. So get this, folks. 22% of population ages 18 to 39 are hypertensive. So we see it in young people. We’re seeing it in teenagers and school-aged kids now. This is really sad. 54% in the middle age, 49 to 59. And then, of course, 74% for age 60 and over. Though it is age-related, it’s higher in the Black population versus Caucasians. That’s a known fact, and they tend to be salt retainers, for sure. Okay, smoking. More than 50% of adults who smoke-

Dr. Weitz:            By the way, if do you recommend salt restriction, what’s the milligrams?

Dr. Elkin:              I rarely do. I rarely do. Unless once I get to know the patient, if I can discover that they are salt-sensitive, then yes.

Dr. Weitz:            What milligrams? Is it 1,500 a day?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. I try not to go really low, maybe 1,500 to 2,000. I don’t make a huge deal about salt restriction. Now, if they’re at heart failure, it’s a little different. But if they’re just walking around and they’re doing okay, I don’t worry about it because I follow the trends. I’m really big on that. So again, smoking is still a major risk factor.   Smokers are almost twice likely to die of a fatal heart attack or a stroke when compared to normies, people that don’t smoke.

Speaker 5:           We’re talking about-

Dr. Elkin:              They’re more likely to die from heart disease than lung cancer, believe it or not.

Speaker 5:           When we talk about smoking, nicotine smoking, right? We have to-

Dr. Elkin:              You mean like vaping and stuff?

Speaker 5:           Well, people vape. People smoke weed. So when you say smokers, I always want to know what you’re talking about.

Dr. Elkin:              We’re getting in reports now about smoking weed, marijuana, and there are no strict recommendations at this point. We’re collecting data. It probably isn’t great for you, but I don’t think it mirrors what we see with nicotine at this point.

Speaker 5:           Right. It’s not [inaudible 00:22:45]-

Dr. Elkin:              We may find out more. Now, since there’s a dispensary in every block, we may find out more in five or 10 years because there are some warnings out there.

Dr. Weitz:            And what about vaping?

Dr. Elkin:              Huh?

Dr. Weitz:            Vaping. Vaping. What about vaping?

Dr. Elkin:              Vaping isn’t any better than smoking. That’s the consensus that I’ve heard. Okay. The good news, the body starts to recover within 20 minutes of quitting smoking. That’s 20 minutes. 50% decrease in risk of smoking-related heart attack within a year of stopping. 15 years of being smoke free, the risk of dying is the same as if you never smoked to begin with. So that’s promising news for smokers.  But it’s not an easy thing to kick. It is an addiction, and you have to know a little bit about addiction. You can’t just say, “Just quit.” I mean they have to quit, but it’s not so easy. I used a myriad of different techniques, biofeedback, just different things to help with … But the important thing is to have a close relationship with the patient, you and your staff, because they do need support.

                                I write, “The cholesterol issue,” because I don’t know about you guys, I’m so tired of … I’m pretty active on social media, and I see so much doctor bashing these days and statin bashing these days. I’m inclined to answer these because I hate doctor bashing and all we do is do sick care and we don’t do well care. I beg your pardon? Some of us do both. I’ve been doing it for a long, long time.

Speaker 5:           Not your thing.

Dr. Elkin:              So the controversy, and I want everybody to really be clear about that. I want to be clear about this because I don’t treat … Oh, that’s good.

Dr. Weitz:            Oh, right there in the corner.

Speaker 5:           Yeah, I couldn’t get that right.

Dr. Weitz:            Perfect. Thank you so much.

Speaker 5:           Thank you.

Dr. Weitz:            Thanks.

Dr. Elkin:              So I tell people when they come into my office, “I don’t treat your numbers. I treat your risk.” There’s a difference. Most doctors treat numbers. I had a lady that came to me yesterday. Her cholesterol was barely 200, and her HDL is high and LDL is like 138 or something like that. She’s healthy. She’s in her mid 50s. She exercises. Incredibly, her doctor wanted to put her on a statin because it’s going to get worse as she gets older. That was the excuse he gave her, “So you’ll need it eventually.” That’s such BS.

                                Anyway, so if you’re talking about primary or secondary, you have to know the difference between primary prevention and secondary prevention. I know that Ben and I have talked about this. So if you have had a previous event, let’s say you’ve had a heart attack or a stroke or a stent, I’m one of those, anything like that or if you have carotid artery disease or peripheral artery disease, which is the same basic process, just different locations, then it is important.

                                We have plenty of outcome studies with people that have had previous events since the ’90s. The 4S study was the biggest one that I remember quite well. So it’s still unequivocal in my mind. These patients do better on statins as at least part of the therapy. It doesn’t mean we ignore diet and exercise and lifestyle, but we need to get their cholesterol much lower than a person who doesn’t have a history. So that, to me, is a controversy.

                                When I see people on Instagram saying, “Well, there’s no room for statins,” it’s just hogwash. Yes?

Speaker 6:           How about people with diabetes? Do you automatically [inaudible 00:26:12]-

Dr. Elkin:              Yes. Now, diabetes is another high-risk group. Why? Because 70% of diabetics will have a heart attack or a stroke in their lifetime. So I do treat them as high risk. I treat them as if they have heart disease, even if they’ve never had any clinical event or anything like that. Good question.  Okay. Now HDL is the healthy cholesterol, and LDL is the lousy cholesterol. That’s kind of how I name it. It’s not quite that easy or simple. Now, if you’re low to moderate risk, so here’s the basic goals. 220 for total cholesterol, less than 220. LDL less than 130, HDL greater than 40 in men and 50 in women. That’s the average population that is considered low risk. I think most people would agree to that. I would not put these people on statins at all, but I would follow them carefully and work on lifestyle. Now-

Dr. Weitz:            Howard, do you think that there’s a number for some of these things like LDL, whether you use LDL-C or LDL-P or whatever, below which there’s no way you’re going to get any atherosclerosis? Is there a way to-

Dr. Elkin:              Okay. This is also-

Dr. Weitz:            Also, in the context, we’ve had discussions about Peter Attia who’s recommending an LDL of 30 and using whatever medication-

Dr. Elkin:              Not just him. Let’s say Steven Nissen, for example. He’s with the Cleveland Clinic, very well-known cardiologist, very conservative. His feeling is that keep the cholesterol as low as you can. 20, 30 is fine. We have outcome studies, those outcome studies for people that are on statins for two or three years. Now, people who are on statin for 20, 30 years, I don’t know about you guys, but I don’t want a good heart with a bad brain and I really worry about that because the brain needs LDL cholesterol.

                                Cholesterol doesn’t just float around in your bloodstream. It needs to be attached to a protein called lipoproteins. So if you didn’t have LDL, you wouldn’t have blood going to the brain. You wouldn’t be able to make new neurons, neuroplasticity, and also myelin sheaths. They’re all dependent on cholesterol. So it’s getting [inaudible 00:28:23] to the brain. That’s a function of LDL.

Dr. Weitz:            The argument that Peter Attia makes is he says all the cholesterol that the brain needs is made in the brain.

Dr. Elkin:              That is not universally accepted. I don’t accept it. It’s got to be really clear cut. Peter Attia is very smart. I’ll say a lot of good things about him, but a lot of it is also his opinion and not always based on what other cardiologists think. He’s not a cardiologist, but he’s very bright, and I’ll give him credit for that. So I’m moderate.   Now, let’s look at the high risk group. So who’s high risk? Confirmed coronary disease, previous heart attack, balloon angioplasty stent, bypass graft surgery, coronary artery calcium scan. Let’s look at the scans. The ideal score is zero. The only time in your life you want a zero score. One to 99 is considered low risk. 100 to 400 is considered moderate risk, and over 400 is considered high risk.

                                But that’s one way to look at it, but you also have to look at the age of the patient. So since I do all my studies at Harbor-UCLA. They have a huge database of 30,000 people. I have a 44-year-old guy that I saw yesterday. 42-year-old guy. He’s got a lousy family history on the paternal side. His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather, they all died early age of heart attacks. So he came in to me because of prevention.

                                So I did this scan on him. He’s got the bad pattern, and his score was like 45, which is considered mild, right, but not when you’re 42 years old. Because they have that database, he was in the 90th percentile. He said, “My score is only …” I said, “Yeah, but it depends on your age.” So that’s why I really like getting all that information. I don’t always just treat to the results of the scan, but if it’s really high … I’ve had patients the score’s over 3,000. Over 3,000, yeah. Yes.

Speaker 7:           Dr. Elkin, isn’t there two different kinds of scans? One’s for hard plaque. One’s for soft plaque. I always mix up which one is which.

Dr. Elkin:              Could you say it a little louder?

Dr. Weitz:            She’s asking the coronary calcium scan for hard plaque-

Speaker 7:           That’s for hard or soft plaque though?

Dr. Elkin:              Yes. Well, I’m going to tell you about a new scan that’s very exciting in a few minutes. We’re going to get to it. Okay, you’re right. The coronary calcium scan only detect calcified plaque. Now, most plaque is not calcified. So it is helpful, but it’s not the end all be all. But I’ll tell you about something else.

Dr. Weitz:            Not only that, but hard plaque, it’s stable and probably less risky.

Dr. Elkin:              If you have calcific plaque, it’s going to be pretty hard for that to break off and cause a stroke or heart attack because it’s hard. There’s somewhat of a protective aspect of having calcified plaque.

Speaker 5:           But that’s different than a carotic ultrasound?

Dr. Elkin:              Well, yes and no. I say peripheral artery or carotid artery disease does also merit statins or a more aggressive approach. It’s really the same process, just a different location. Most people with peripheral artery, they die of heart disease even though they never had an event.

Speaker 5:           Right. But I’m saying when they do the coronary artery calcium scans, it’s different than when they ultrasound your carotid-

Dr. Elkin:              Right. Exactly.

Speaker 5:           That checks for-

Dr. Elkin:              Now, with an ultrasound of the carotid, you can actually see mixed plaque. You could see soft tissue and calcific. But because it’s so easy to detect, you can’t do that with a regular scan with a heart because you’ve had so many things overlapping it. But I’ll talk about this new scan. You’ll be excited to hear. Diabetes, that you mentioned, that is a number one risk factor for me to consider high risk.

                                Come on. Okay. The truth about cholesterol. To put all this stuff over here, you can’t live without it. We need it. Have sex hormones, vitamin D, bowel acids, cell membranes in the brain. So I’m agreeing with all those people on social media that say cholesterol is not the villain. It’s not the villain, but we’re going to talk about the villain in a minute.

                                Culprit, oxidized LDL. I don’t care about your LDL, but if it’s oxidized, I do have to care about it because that means it’s been altered in the body. It’s like igniting a fire. Once you have LDL that’s oxidized, that can get easily into the endothelium, especially if there’s endothelial disruption or dysfunction, and that’s when the whole inflammatory process begins.

                                I’ll tell you, when I was a fellow several years ago, we didn’t know about inflammation. We never even talked about it. You got plaque 50%. Then it becomes 60. Then it becomes 70. Then it becomes 80. Then it becomes 90. Then the patient clots off, and they have a heart attack. It’s not that at all. Most plaques that lead to heart attacks are actually 40 to 50% plaques. But the difference is the stability or the vulnerability of the plaque itself, and that’s where oxidized LDL comes in because with oxidized LDL, it’s clearly more likely to form inflammation and plaque in the arteries.

                                Then it’s the particle size. You’ve all heard this before. Large, buoyant, large, fluffy. Bigger is better. That’s all you got to remember. Bigger is better. We don’t like small dense. Small dent is the kind that is more likely to form plaque. So that really is what we’re really talking about. Small dense promotes inflammation because it can easily get into the endothelial layer, and that’s when it all starts. There’s a cascade of events that takes place.

                                It’s all about inflammation, which I knew nothing about when I was a fellow. By the way, we started treating with statins. I was finishing my fellowship. It was in the mid ’80s. The first one that came out was Mevacor, was lovastatin, and it was derived from the red yeast rice plant from China, which is not surprising because a lot of pharmaceuticals originally derived from botanicals, and they’re altered, of course, in the lab.

                                But interesting about it is that we just thought, okay, it lowers LDL really well. We did have outcome studies, but what we didn’t know back then is that also there’s an anti-inflammatory effect that you get with statins that we did not know about until … I forgot the name of the study now, a study with rosuvastatin maybe about 15, 20 years ago. Then we learned, wow, there’s really an anti-inflammatory effect. So it’s not just lowering LDL, it’s also aiding-

Dr. Weitz:            I think it was the JUPITER trial.

Dr. Elkin:              What?

Dr. Weitz:            I think it was the JUPITER trial.

Dr. Elkin:              Yes, JUPITER trial. Thank you. Great trial. It opened up our eyes to what was happening. What causes oxidation? Trans fats. Nobody should be eating trans fats anymore. Smoking, of course, diabetes, metabolic syndrome. Those two are often linked together. Genetics, I would say a lot of it is genetic, and we’ll talk about that in a minute, too. So small dense LDL is about 35, 40% of the population.

                                How do you know if you have it? You don’t know. You have to get it checked out. Now, if you see someone with low HDL and high triglycerides, which is a metabolic problem, more than likely they’re going to have preponderance of small dense, but not necessarily. So you have to measure to really see, and we’ll talk about testing in a few minutes.

                                At risk for small dense. Genetics, again. High carbohydrate intake, especially starchy carbs, sugar. High trans fat intake, uncontrolled diabetes and high triglycerides and low HDL. So there are things we can do. It’s not just it’s written in your genes. There are things we can do diet-wise to actually lower the amount of oxidized LDL. And of course, metabolic syndrome.

Speaker 7:           Can I ask you a dumb question?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah.

Speaker 7:           LDL stands for low density?

Dr. Elkin:              Right. Or lousy.

Speaker 7:           HDL stands for high density. We’re talking about high density LDL. I’m confused.

Dr. Elkin:              Okay. So how was this derived? There was a special testing method, and they’re actually measured in angstroms. I’m not a biochemist or a chemist at all. But it’s derived by the density, and it’s a measurement. There are different ways of testing this. We’ll get into that in a minute. But it’s really your standard lipid panel that most doctors, including cardiologists, do is total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. The LDL, by the way, can’t be measured if the triglycerides are over 400 because it’s a calculated result. So if the triglycerides are over 400, you can’t really tell.

                                Now, with the testing that I do, you can tell, and we’ll get into that in a minute. Good questions. Okay. apoB and LDL particle number, these are more refined ways of looking at LDL cholesterol. If you do specialized tests, they’re going to include these, too. Some people think that it’s more prognostically important that if you have … Because you can have an LDL particle number that’s higher than the actual LDL.

                                So here’s a good way to cheat, guys, is take your LDL. Let’s just say it’s 100. And then what you do is you add a zero on it, and that’s what your LDL particle number should be. So it should be 1,000. What you’ll see when you add that zero, it could be four or five points greater than what you would expect. So LDL particle number is probably more significant. I look at it synonymously together because if you start explaining apoB and LBL particle numbers to patients. They’re not going to get it.

                                Everybody knows the LDL. So I may say to you, “Look at LDL.” But these are definitely considered to be a little bit more accurate and also maybe more prognostically-

Dr. Weitz:            apoB seems to be the new trendy number though.

Dr. Elkin:              Do what?

Dr. Weitz:            apoB seems to be the new trendy thing to look at, the most significant factor.

Dr. Elkin:              I get it with all my testing, so I know what it is. I look at it. But since I do a lot of teaching, I like to teach all my patients, I just talk about LDL. If they get that, I’m satisfied.

Speaker 5:           So if you have an apoB that’s higher than average, does that warrant to do on a statin?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. Well, yeah. Yeah.

Speaker 5:           Because the seems-

Dr. Elkin:              But here’s the thing. If your LDL is high, I can guarantee you in almost all cases that your apoB and your LDL particle number are going to be high.

Speaker 5:           So if it’s high, it’s better than just your HDL?

Dr. Elkin:              Right.

Speaker 5:           So if you have high HDLs but your apoB is high, still a statin?

Dr. Elkin:              The thing about HDL, I don’t know [inaudible 00:38:58]. But you also want to know the functionality of your HDL. You’ve heard reverse transport?

Speaker 5:           Mm-hmm.

Dr. Elkin:              So it takes cholesterol from the periphery, brings it back to the liver for disposal. Now, we figured all HDL is great. Not necessarily, really the best numbers for HDL are between 60 and 80. I say, “Well, I see a patient with 120.” It’s like, “Wow, that must be really good.” We found out there was a study about two years ago. I think it was out of Europe, and they said the numbers between 16 and 80 are ideal and if it’s functional.   So the higher the number doesn’t really mean that you’re overly protected. Now, what Cleveland Heart Lab does, they actually do the functionality test. So you could just see not only the number of the HDL, but whether it’s functional. So there’s about three different things that they look for in it, which brings it back to the liver for disposal.

Dr. Weitz:            Just to clarify, maybe to help a little bit, HDL, its main benefit is that it can do reverse cholesterol transport. It can take the cholesterol from the arteries back to the liver. So that’s its functionality. You can have a lot of HDL, but if it’s not doing its job, it’s not picking up any passengers.

Dr. Elkin:              Cholesterol doesn’t just float around in your circulation. It has to be carried by a protein molecule, HDL, LDL, whatever. So the big thing is is it really functional? Because all we had before were the numbers and we thought the higher the better it is for you, but not necessarily.

Dr. Weitz:            Now, Howard, apoB also includes VLDL.

Dr. Elkin:              Yes, it does.

Dr. Weitz:            You hardly ever hear anybody talk about VLDL. What is the significance of it?

Dr. Elkin:              Well, it’s usually when you have a high VLDL, it’s a precursor to triglycerides. That kind of goes to the triglycerides. Well, I’m going to talk about metabolic in a minute, so hold on to that question.  

                                Lp (a), everybody should know their Lp (a). Why? Because about 25% of the population has it. It’s not uncommon. It’s a fragment of LDL. It’s genetic. It doesn’t respond to medication, to exercise, to diet. Niacin can be helpful. I’ve had a lot of success with niacin in decreasing Lp (a). That’s it. Also, estrogen. So if for you women, maybe that might be helpful. Estrogen can be helpful in decreasing your Lp (a).  There is a biologic that will probably be coming out in the next two years. It doesn’t work like Repatha and the PCSK9 inhibitors. It’s specific for Lp (a), and it can decrease it by as much as 40, 50% in as little as six weeks. It’s really important because if you have young people with coronary disease and young people that have had heart attacks and strokes, oftentimes you’ll see the Lp (a) is the culprit. I have a couple patients with levels of over 400.

Speaker 7:           So when you see Lp (a), you’re seeing a genetic predisposition to high LDL?

Dr. Elkin:              Exactly. I tell the patients because they need to know. Part of this is genetic, and there may be some help in the near future. I think that will be coming out within a couple of years because they’ve been really working on this.

Dr. Weitz:            Because there’s no drug, most doctors don’t test for Lp (a).

Dr. Elkin:              Most cardiologists don’t test for Lp (a) because there’s no drug for it. So why do it? There’s no money in it.

Speaker 7:           That’s pretty-

Dr. Elkin:              But I think it’s important for especially young … All my patients that are cardiac patients get at least one Cleveland or Boston Heart, which we’ll talk about. It will definitely demonstrate that.

Speaker 8:           Doctor, I’ve seen the Lp (a) change.

Dr. Elkin:              Do what?

Speaker 8:           I’ve seen the Lp (a) change from year to year.

Dr. Elkin:              Yes.

Speaker 8:           What does that mean? If it’s genetic, why does it change?

Dr. Elkin:              Some people say, “Just do it once. You never have to do it again.” But I agree with you. I’ve seen it change. I’ve seen it change by 100 points or so.

Speaker 8:           What makes it change?

Dr. Elkin:              But usually, it’s with niacin. By itself, it may deviate a few points. I had one patient actually 200 points with niacin alone. It’s variable. Yes?

Speaker 9:           How much niacin do you recommend?

Dr. Elkin:              Okay. It usually requires quite big doses. But the highest I ever go is two grams in the amount of doses. Most people can tolerate 1,000 milligrams twice a day with food. I take niacin. I’ve never flushed ever because I always take it with food. So I don’t even know what the flushing is like. For me, I don’t get it. I take the regular-

Speaker 9:           I remember you talked about this because I listen to your YouTube a lot. I’m a fan. You said the non-flushing kind is junk. Don’t use it.

Dr. Elkin:              It doesn’t work at all.

Speaker 9:           Okay.

Dr. Elkin:              Avoid it. Usually, if you go to Rite Aid and CVS, they sell all the non-flush. But even in vitamin stores, they’ll show it because it sounds good, no flush. But it also doesn’t work.

Speaker 9:           No flush-

Dr. Weitz:            I tried everything with niacin.

Dr. Elkin:              Some people are more sensitive than others.

Dr. Weitz:            I tried 50 milligrams, 100 milligrams, flushed like crazy.

Dr. Elkin:              With food?

Dr. Weitz:            I tried it with food. I tried everything, every strategy.

Dr. Elkin:              Some people are exquisitely sensitive.

Dr. Weitz:            I just couldn’t tolerate it.

Dr. Elkin:              Why? I don’t know. But yeah, I’ve had patients who did the same.

Speaker 5:           It could raise blood sugar, too, like it did-

Dr. Elkin:              Do what?

Speaker 5:           How it raised Carol’s blood sugar?

Dr. Elkin:              Yes. Well, we saw that, right?

Speaker 5:           Yes.

Dr. Elkin:              It can also increase your blood sugar. We saw it with some person who we know quite well.

Dr. Weitz:            Well, of course, statins can raise blood sugar, too.

Dr. Elkin:              I definitely have seen it with niacin. I think that’s over exaggerated with statins. Again, people want to bash statins. It causes diabetes. It causes this. It causes that. Okay. I tell people it’s a risk-benefit ratio. If the benefit outweighs your risk, you do it. But we don’t want the treatment to be worse than the problem.

Speaker 8:           Maybe it depends on the dose of statin. Maybe if your full treatment-

Dr. Elkin:              Yes.

Dr. Weitz:            Absolutely.

Speaker 8:           Sometimes five milligrams does the trick, but then they put you on 20.

Dr. Elkin:              Right, right. I usually start pretty low. If someone’s really fentanyl, I’ll start even 250. You can get 100 milligrams in Vitamin Shoppe and stuff like that. [inaudible 00:45:16] I don’t have a dose that small.

Speaker 8:           What are you talking about, the-

Dr. Weitz:            You’re talking about niacin.

Speaker 8:           I was talking about-

Dr. Weitz:            She’s talking about statins.

Dr. Elkin:              I’m sorry. Statin.

Speaker 8:           You said 250. I was going to-

Dr. Weitz:            Oh, no, no, no, no, no. Statins. Statins people tolerate. Most people tolerate well. But here’s the thing, I never start a statin without CoQ10, never ever. I tell them you have to take CoQ10 because it’ll obviate the muscle soreness and myalgias that you can get. Yeah?

Speaker 8:           Are you seeing that blood sugar rise with niacin in everybody or in some?

Dr. Elkin:              Well-

Dr. Weitz:            I think it’s a small percentage.

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. Well, what type of niacin-

Dr. Weitz:            Well, it depends how high you go, too. I use 500. I almost never see it.

Dr. Elkin:              Right. But I knew a patient that was taking 3,000 or more on his own. He was wondering why he’s getting palpitations and getting all these weird symptoms. I said, “Dude, you’re taking more than 2,000. That’s max dose, and you take it in divided doses.” But niacin is basically safer than most statins. I mean every now and then, you’ll get a rise in liver enzymes. So I always check that. Not as commonly as you would get it with statins.   But I think despite all the BS you hear about statins and I’ve been using them since they came out, that’s when I was a new cardiologist, they’re pretty well tolerated. But there’s about 20% or so that don’t tolerate it well. It’s usually the muscle myalgias and that kind of stuff and also the liver enzymes.

Dr. Weitz:            Now, some integrative doctors, like Dr. Huston, a lot of times will put somebody on a statin three days a week.

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah, there’s ways of doing it. I tend to try to do it every day because patients, once you start do it every third day, do it every fourth day, I’m lucky if they take it on a regular basis. So I try to make my drug schedules really easy to follow, even when I do things like blood thinners and Coumadin.` We used to use Coumadin all the time. I hate split doses because it’s so confusing. Yes?

Speaker 8:           Sorry for so many questions, but what’s the minimum dose of niacin that you have seen be effective for lowering Lp (a)?

Dr. Elkin:              Good question. There’s not really definitely a lower … I usually start, again, with 500. But if it’s someone who’s really sensitive, I’ll take their score. I can always have them take 250.

Speaker 8:           So for a whole day, not twice a day?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. Well, yes. Well, I’ll have them titrate up on their own as tolerated. So if you’re taking 250 for, let’s say, two weeks and you’re doing well with it, then take the full tablet. But I do it twice a day. So if I start them low at 250, which is lower than my normal starting point, I’ll do it twice a day.

Speaker 8:           So you’ve seen that be effective, even that low? Let’s say someone only took 500 milligrams of niacin a day, but they were consistent. Have you seen their Lp (a) go down?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. You may get a response. It’s really funny. I’m using lower doses of statins now than I ever have, and I’m seeing pretty decent … Some people, well, their LDL will drop significantly with 10 milligrams of CRESTOR, rosuvastatin. Now, if you go to the hospital and you get a stent, I can guarantee you’re going to walk out of there with 80 milligrams of LIPITOR-

Speaker 8:           80? Wow.

Dr. Elkin:              … an aspirin, a beta blocker, an ACE inhibitor, and Plavix. All of a sudden, you’re on five medicines. Do you need them? I don’t think so. But you do need the aspirin and the Plavix. But everybody’s put on a beta blocker and ACE inhibitor. It’s just crazy. I can almost guarantee you that patients are going to come back with all those medicines when they have been in the hospital. You’ve seen it.

Speaker 5:           What do you think about red yeast rice as compared to statins?

Dr. Elkin:              Okay. Red yeast rice was the precursor to statins. Yeah, you can try it. If it says on there two at night, I usually tell patients take three because it’s a weaker form of a statin. But it’s always worth trying it.

Dr. Weitz:            You got to take four to eight.

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. How many?

Speaker 5:           Four to eight?

Dr. Weitz:            Yes.

Dr. Elkin:              You take how many?

Dr. Weitz:            Four to eight.

Dr. Elkin:              Wow.

Dr. Weitz:            You got to do 24 to 4,800. So I think most of the products out there are about 600. So you got to take four to get to 2,400. I think that’s [inaudible 00:49:24]-

Dr. Elkin:              Now, a lot of patients, truthfully say they’d rather just take one tablet than taking six. I mean I don’t want to take eight of one thing. I take enough something as it is, but I’m also higher risk because I’ve had a stent before. So I take a statin. I’ve never had a problem, but I always take CoQ10. But some people do have issues.

                                Okay. So let’s go on. I want to get into some of the testing. Do I have to face the computer for this to work?

Dr. Weitz:            You know what? You’re probably behind that little thing.

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah, I’m probably behind it. I’ll be over here. I’ll sit here. Okay.

Speaker 8:           There you go. You got it.

Dr. Elkin:              This is more about apoB. Detects the presence of all the atherogenic particles. In contrast to LDL, this may be better suited to guide lipid-lowering therapy. I don’t really abide by this because, again, since I’m instructing patients, I got to make it really digestible.

Dr. Weitz:            It’s okay.

Dr. Elkin:              But purists do believe that apoB is the best way to take it and also LDL particle. So I would say it is more important, but is it necessary? Probably not.  Okay. apoB is a more accurate marker that can actually identify potential high-risk patients. Now, particle number, same thing. [inaudible 00:50:54], cholesterol present in the blood, does not … When you do the particle number, you’re varying the number of particles. And again, it’s often used as a more accurate number. If you do specialized lipid testing, you’re going to get apoB and you’re going to get an LDL particle number. So you’ll get it anyway.  Here’s another out of context. Genetic is 20. It’s a fragment of LDL. I already said all that stuff. Now, physical inactivity, that was the last risk factor that was made into a primary risk factor in the ’90s, I believe, and for good reason, because only 20% of the adult American population exercises on a regular basis or what we recommend by the American Heart Association, the American College of Sports Medicine. Most people are very sedentary and don’t exercise on a regular basis. So it’s important.

                                So again, it was elevated to major risk factor in the ’90s. Bottom line, the more active and fit you are, the less incidence of heart disease or complications of heart disease. Failure to exercise on a regular basis is as bad as smoking. Okay. Next one is-

Speaker 8:           I’m sorry. Do you agree that sitting is the new smoking?

Dr. Elkin:              Do what?

Speaker 8:           Do you agree that sitting is the new smoking?

Dr. Elkin:              Sitting [inaudible 00:52:15]-

Speaker 8:           Sitting-

Dr. Weitz:            Is sitting the new smoking?

Dr. Elkin:              What?

Dr. Weitz:            Is sitting the new smoking?

Dr. Elkin:              Oh, yeah, absolutely. Yes. Inactive people are twice likely to develop heart disease than people who engage in regular … I mean twice as likely. Why would you not want to exercise? But then again, we’re not the average. 250,000 deaths a year attributed to physical inactivity and it’s not just due to heart disease, but also other diseases such as adult 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and various cancers. It’s a dismal situation.

                                It’s the easiest risk factor to correct, but not everybody does it. Obesity, diets high in fat … This is funny. Now, in 1965, 40% of your calories came from fat, down to 34% in the mid ’90s. And guess what? We got fatter than ever, and we have more diabetes than before. So that was the big low fat, high carb stage during the ’90s, which also popularized by Ornish and so forth. That may be helpful for certain people, but they didn’t know about particle sizes and they didn’t know about the role of metabolic health. I think we know a lot more now.

                                42% of the population in this country is obese. Nearly 79% is overweight. So that takes into consideration the obese and everybody else who’s overweight. That’s two thirds of the population. Sugar is a culprit. It’s not fat. It’s sugar. When people ask me about my diet, first thing I say is sugar. They wonder if you need to go buy low cholesterol and low fat. I say no. I mean I might eventually, but it’s not my number one concern because eating sugar and starchy carbs is like pouring gasoline over fire, and we’re igniting a fire within our arteries. That sets the stage for inflammation. So I’m very upfront about that. It ties into metabolic health.

                                Drugs for weight loss. This is a big craze now, right? Now we’re getting more and more reports about the semaglutide and Ozempic and Wegovy. The new one is Mounjaro. I believe in those drugs for high-risk patients that are obese and diabetic because it does open up a new avenue for treatment. Again, they’re very high risk. But people wanted to lose 10 to 15 pounds and they’re going on this. A lot of people are doing this. They can get it.

                                It’s just ridiculous because now we’re getting more and more reports of complications, things like gallstones, pancreatitis. I don’t know. This could be a precursor to pancreatic cancer. They haven’t been around long enough. We don’t know the full story. But these drugs bother me on a global basis. So yes, I would use them for … I have a few patients, but they’re all diabetic and they’re high risk to begin with, and they’re usually very overweight. Oh, sorry. Going the wrong direction.  All right. Diabetes, bad disease. Need I say more?

Speaker 7:           [inaudible 00:55:24] disease?

Dr. Elkin:              The numbers are getting worse. Right now, I think there’s 10 million diabetics in the country. There’s, I think, 70 million pre-diabetics. Most of them don’t even know it because they don’t know what’s going on. And again, that’s their number one cause of death in diabetics. They have a threefold increase incident of heart disease, and two to four times more likely to die from heart disease. They do not do well. It sticks.

                                Okay. Heart attack symptoms. I’ll try to go fast now. 45% of heart attacks are silent. So if you don’t test these patients and watch them carefully, they will have a heart attack on you. That’s why it’s so important to look at these risk factors. [inaudible 00:56:12] in pain, and dyspnea, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, sweating, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness. But watch this.

                                This is supposed to be women. Somehow that didn’t get in there. Women with heart disease present differently. They might have pressure in the chest, but oftentimes they don’t. [inaudible 00:56:34] their arms. They get short of breath. They could have just plain fatigue, nausea. The big one is if you have discomfort in the jaw and the teeth, for some reason, that tends to be a thing about women. Cold sweat, nausea, and vomiting.

                                So here’s my dictum about women and heart disease. Anything above the navel, belly button, in a woman is heart disease until proven otherwise. That’s how I look at it because all bets are off. Like you say, most women don’t even think. Well, not most, but only 54% of women in this country really think that heart disease is in their future or their major worry. So it’s a big deal. I mean I think we’ve done a lot better.

                                But when I was a fellow, all the studies done were middle-aged men. If you were childbearing age, you were just excluded and, if you were over 65, you were too old. Women live 30 years more past menopause, right?

Speaker 5:           Question about there’s a lot of confusion around estrogen preventing heart disease in women or bioidentical estrogen. I read everything. Yes? No? What’s your thoughts on that?

Dr. Elkin:              But estrogen you mean? Yeah.

Speaker 5:           Yes.

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah, I’ll talk about that in a minute. In the old days, we thought that you treat with hormones to relieve symptoms, hot sweat, night sweats, hot flashes, insomnia, anxiety. Those are good reasons to treat because I don’t think any woman should have to go through a painful menopause in this day and age. But I also do it for the health benefits, the heart-

Speaker 9:           Exactly.

Dr. Elkin:              … the brain and bones.

Speaker 9:           [inaudible 00:58:09]-

Dr. Elkin:              What I’m really hot on is that it’s one of the best ways to preserve endothelial health is estrogen, and I don’t think most gynecologists even know this. Okay, let’s see. 21st century terms. This is my traditional medicine versus functional, since we’re all functional. If you are a traditional doctor, you’ve got symptoms here. We go immediately to treatment. But our way of doing it, symptoms, we try to get the cause and then we go to treatment.

                                It sounds really simplistic, but this is really the reality of how things are treated. So I always tell people I’m an integrative cardiologist practicing functional medicine. I use functional medicine as the basis for what I do. So let’s look at testing quickly. Treadmill testing is, no one should be doing that. I mean when we have certain insurances, my opinion, we have to get authorization for everything these days, which is ridiculous. They want me to do a regular stress test. On a woman, it’s worthless because there are so many false positives on routine stress testing with women.

                                So I have to fight to get a stress echo, which is a stress test with imaging with the ultrasound. The nuclear stress imaging is with the nuclear. Instead of looking at wall motion, we’re looking at uptick of radiopharmaceuticals and your heart muscle. If there’s normal arrest and if there’s a hole we see with exercise, that means it’s tagged to your red blood cells. So it’s not going anywhere because of a blockage.

                                Nuclear stress test adds about 15% more sensitivity when you compare it to a stress echo. But it’s radiopharmaceutical, so you are getting some radiation. I use nuclear stress testing on the higher risk patients and stress echo more routinely for those that are not. Now, here’s the fun part, ancillary testing. The coronary scan we talked about. It’s really great, but all it does is really tests for calcified blockages.

                                Coronary CT, that’s a great test. Now, it’s an angiogram, but it’s still with a peripheral IV. So it’s not nearly as much contrast, and it’s just a peripheral IV, so you don’t have to lie still for six or eight hours. You’re not getting anesthesia for it, so it’s easier to perform. It’s not as good as routine angiography. It’s pretty good for people that have had bypass surgeries because we really want to know are the grafts open or they closed. Also with stents, are the stents open or closed? So they’re good for that. It’s nothing that I would gravitate toward, at least not initially.

                                But here’s the new kid on the block, the Cleerly scan. Have any of you heard of this? Cleerly combines coronary CT with artificial intelligence, and the images are phenomenal. I’ve done about seven or eight already. I think I’m putting Harbor-UCLA on the map now because I’m ordering so many because now that I’ve done a few, I really see the utility. So what it does, now we can look at things like plaque volume and plaque composition. Before, we couldn’t tell.

                                Now, we can say, “Okay, hard plaque. That’s what the other scan shows us.” Then we can see soft plaque. And then there’s another one which is very scary, that’s called low density soft plaque. That’s vulnerable plaque that is ready to burst. How do we know that unless we did the scan? But I wish I had images because it’s so new that I don’t have any images yet. I’ll get them next time I do this talk. But here’s the important thing. Let me give you an example.

                                I have this 65-year-old guy. He looks 50. He looks great. But on the outside, he looks great. He had a calcium count of over 3,300. That’s the highest I think I’ve had in the practice. I did a nuclear stress test. I think these numbers are going up. This is not looking good. So we did a nuclear stress test. Negative. I said, I’m bothered by this. The numbers are going up every two years, and he doesn’t have symptoms.” So I did the Cleerly he was my first Cleerly scan.

                                Part of his left main and the widowmaker, the left anterior descending artery, have major low density soft plaque. So that puts him at very high risk of plaque rupture and heart attack. So it’s scary. I talked to his wife. He’s been my patient for many years. She said, “Well, I think we should get a second opinion.” I said, “Be my guest. Ain’t nobody around here doing this test, so you’re going to have a hard time getting a second opinion with someone who’s familiar with the test.” But I never heard back from them.

Speaker 8:           How do you treat once you see that?

Dr. Elkin:              if it’s that easily discernible, I would probably do an angiogram. That’s the patients [inaudible 01:03:00] that, even though they don’t have symptoms. This may supplant stress testing in the future. If they can get the price affordable so that insurance covers it, this may supplant stress testing because I’ve had another patient just like every other patient with normal stress test, nuclear stress, which is a pretty important test. And yet, the Cleerly test told me that he’s really vulnerable … I think it’s real.  You can see it. You can visualize it. So again, it’s plaque volume and plaque composition. I mean you never heard those terms before when you’re talking about patient’s risks. So this is brand new. Most people are not doing this.

Speaker 9:           Can you go for imaging on this the same place where you’re sending your patients, the coronary calcium scans?

Dr. Elkin:              Well, I had already done scans on this guy before, and his levels were over-

Speaker 9:           Where do you go for the Cleerly?

Dr. Elkin:              [inaudible 01:03:56] does it really as well as Harbor-UCLA. I’ve been using them for many years just for my routine coronary artery calcium scan.

Speaker 9:           Because it’s so new, are there fewer places that-

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah, they’re doing it. If you look up, it’s C-L-E-E-R-L-Y. But you google them, you’ll see what hospitals. I don’t know if Cedars is doing it or not. I know that since I’ve been working with Mark Rudolph for several years with the calcium scans, they also do really good CT angios. This is an extension of that.

Speaker 9:           How much?

Dr. Elkin:              Okay, good question. If you are Medicare, they will cover a CT angio if you have symptoms. So I often fudge it. They had short of breath. And then I can get them to tag on the Cleerly for sometimes no charge extra. But if you’re going to pay out of pocket, I think their price is going to be, let me think, like 1,200 for the two combined, which is not bad.

Speaker 9:           Yeah. But the CCS, it ranges from 120 to 300 locally?

Dr. Elkin:              That’s a calcium scan.

Speaker 9:           Correct. Out of pocket?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah.

Speaker 9:           That’s the issue, getting the patients to do it for that reason.

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. Well, I have, fortunately, a lot of patients that will spend the money for it. The average probably won’t. But when I tell them, “Listen, this is what you’ve got.” So it could be a lifesaver. I think it will be, I think it will be a lifesaver in the future.  Here we are. This is your standard lipid panel that every doctor gets. This is apoB 83, particle number. Boston looks at the concentration of small dense. You want them to be less than 20, and this person has 25. The reason I did the slide, they do called a cholesterol balance test. Cleveland doesn’t do that. It looks at two markers for hyper production, and these markers are for hyper absorption. So we can find out is the problem over production or over absorption because the treatment can be different.

                                Okay, let me see. I’m going to get real fast. This is the metabolic panel down here. Everything looks good. C-peptide insulin. So I’m always interested in the fasting insulin, and I like to see peptides. They test me how hard the pancreas is working because you could have a person who’s got a normal A1C, but the insulin level’s high. The HOMA-IR, which is a homeostatic mechanism for insulin resistance, that’s a calculated number. If that’s high and the c-peptide is high, it means the pancreas is working its butt off to not make you a diabetic. So it’s really important to get that.  Then real quick, I just want to show how Cleveland does it. I got to go over here, don’t I?

Speaker 6:           I have one question. [inaudible 01:06:40]?

Dr. Elkin:              This is genetic testing. So it’s very interesting. Statin-induced myopathy gene, Boston seems to have the patent on that. We can actually find out if a patient is a slow metabolizer to a statin, in which case, depending whether they’re heterozygous or homozygous, you might want to avoid statin completely in a particular group. apoE, you’ve all heard about that. These people tend to have, if they’re apoE, this E3/E3 is the most common genotype, and it’s the best one to have.  But if you have a three and a four or two fours, that means you may tend to hyper absorb cholesterol from the gut, and it’s also a gene for Alzheimer’s disease. Factor V and Factor II are blood things and MTHFR. 60% of us, me included, have one or two variants of the MTHFR gene. Look at this one. The small dense is 60, and that’s huge. We want it to be less than 30. It is 30. I’m sorry. I’m not much on ratios, but let me get to what I wanted to show you.

                                Okay, it’s inflammatory. So CRP protein is 1.6, I think, there. Interleukin-6 is 6.2. So we’re getting a lot of inflammatory markers as well as function tests and metabolic. Let me go back real quick. Look at this, insulin 32. C-peptide 4.77. I mean everything is off the wall. This is a metabolically unhealthy person. Okay, let me move on. I’m going to show you what it looks like with another test that I find quite useful. It was called the PULS test, P-U-L-S. Now it’s called SmartVascular Dx.

                                This is telling me the health of your endothelium where everything begins. So when I say I don’t care about your numbers, I’m being truthful. I care about your risk. I care about the health of your endothelium because if you have endothelial dysfunction, that sets the stage for coronary disease. This person has a score of 14.5. Expected score for his age and sex is 2.82, which gets him both. He’s high risk, both relative risk and absolute risk, for an event over the next five years. it’s not a standalone. I use this with the Boston or the Cleveland.

Speaker 5:           It’s a blood test?

Dr. Elkin:              Yeah. Here let me show you. This is what I’m interested in. This is a map. It tells you where they started. This is pointing out where … See, they went down. And then they went way up. You don’t want to go up. You want to keep on going down. So once you go up, you’re increasing your risk. Endothelial dysfunction will change according to your blood pressure and all these other things that we’ve mentioned. So it’s a great test, and I use it very frequently.

                                This is what the coronary calcium report looks like. This is the one with over 3,000. This tells in each artery, the calcium count in each particular thing. Now we’re talking, this is Boston Heart. No, this is Cleveland I think. But look, all the inflammatory markers are off the wall. 3.4 CRP. ADMA is a marker of endothelial health. That’s abnormal. This is at Cleveland. So what they do differently in Cleveland, they actually measure the size of the LDL particle as opposed just the concentration. So they’re measuring in angstroms.

                                If you see next slide, the pattern is pattern B means bad and it’s 210.3. You want it to be greater than 222.9 angstroms. So it’s easy to follow this. I like Cleveland because it’s easy for a patient to understand where their number is versus concentration. It gives you Lp (a). This is the functionality. I’m not sure what all those numbers mean. But in the green, 0.65 is a normal functionality for HDL. So they do a lot of the same thing.

                                Instead of HOMA-IR, they do what’s called insulin resistance score. Same thing, it’s measuring the degree of insulin resistance. Homocysteine is, again, usually that goes along with the MTHFR, and I do treat it. Now it’s been thought that elevated homocysteine levels are definitely not just a risk factor. My secondary risk factors didn’t show up, did they? Anyway, it’s a secondary risk factor, but it’s definitely associated with endothelial dysfunction. So again, everything’s about the endothelium.

                                They do the fatty acid balance test, which is good. That can help people with their nutrition. And again, this is another way of doing the genetics. KIF6, that was kind of put together by Robert Siburko at Berkeley Heart Lab several years ago. 9p21 is considered the, quote-unquote, “heart attack gene.” His person is actually homozygous carrier. So not good. 4q25 is that you’re at risk for atrial fibrillation down the line, and the Factor V Leiden, MTHFR. That’s basically it.

                                The summary prevalence of cardiovascular disease, it’s an equal opportunity killer in both men and females. It’s the number one killer in this country. Women present differently. We didn’t go over the secondary risk factors. Somehow I lost the slide. We went over the six major ones. The cardiac testing for symptoms, for scheming and specialized lab testing, which we discussed. I have a book that I put out last night about this time last year on both sides of the table and contact information from me. I appreciate having the opportunity to speak to you guys. I guess I’m the first speaker since we’re back.

 


 

Dr. Weitz:            Thank you for making it all the way through this episode of the Rational Wellness Podcast. For those of you who enjoy listening to the Rational Wellness Podcast, I would certainly appreciate it if you could go to Apple Podcasts or Spotify and give us a five-star ratings and review. That way more people will discover the Rational Wellness podcast.  I wanted to let everybody know that I do have some openings for new patients, so I can see you for a functional medicine consultation for specific health issues like gut problems, autoimmune diseases, cardiometabolic conditions, or for an executive health screen and to help you promote longevity and take a deeper dive into some of those factors that can lead to chronic diseases along the way. That usually means we’re going to do some more detailed lab work, stool testing, sometimes urine testing.  We’re going to look at a lot more details to get a better picture of your overall health from a preventative functional medicine perspective. So if you’re interested, please call my Santa Monica Weitz Sports Chiropractic and Nutrition office at 310-395-3111, and we can set you up for a new consultation for functional medicine. I’ll talk to everybody next week.

 

Dr. Robert Hedaya discusses Integrative Psychiatry with Dr. Ben Weitz.

[If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.] 

 

Podcast Highlights

1:38  Dr. Hedaya noted that from his time in medical school he was always oriented towards getting to the root cause of things. After writing his first book, he was on the edge of chronic fatigue and he dove into the metabolic medicine approach of Dr. Jeffrey Bland, which later was changed to Functional Medicine. Dr. Hedaya was a neuropharmacologist trained in cognitive behavioral therapy and after bringing Functional Medicine into the mix he found that he was no longer doing this medication merry-go-round and most of his patients were now getting better. Dr. Hedaya explained that after writing his second book, he hired a statistician to assess the patients he had treated for treatment-resistant depression.  All 23 of these patients when they started had a mean Beck Depression inventory of 34, which is in the severe range, and by about 10 months everyone was normalized with only one change in medication but also adding the Functional Medicine approach. 

4:18  Insights into a Functional Medicine approach to psychiatry.  The key to using a Functional Medicine approach is to be a medical detective and to also understand that psychiatric problems are not primarily psychological, but more related to physiology and infections and hormonal problems and genetics and epigenetics and gastrointestinal things, etc..  The mental realm is directly part of the physical realm.  If your physical health is lacking, if you’re lacking in nutrients, if you’re having toxins and infections and other things that are affecting your physiology, that’s also going to affect your mind.  Dr. Hedaya recalled his first patient from 1984 who was a 50 yr old woman with panic disorders and she did not have a great marriage and had bunch of things going on, but she didn’t get better despite psychotherapy and medications.  He determined that she had a vitamin B12 deficiency and after her first injection, her panic went away and that’s when he realized how powerful the Functional Medicine model could be.  When assessing B12 status, if your serum B12 is low normal, you probably have a B12 deficiency. But you can also look at the size of the red blood cells, the MCV, on the CBC. If you are B12 deficient, your red blood cells will get larger because they hang around longer–macrocytic anemia.   If you are iron deficient, your red blood cells will be smaller–microcytic anemia.   But you could have normal size red blood cells if you have both iron and B12 deficiency, because they will offset the effects on the red blood cell size.  We should also look at methylmalonic acid (MMC) and homocysteine as measures of B12 status, though MMC only accounts for 17% of B12 status.  You also need to look at medications that interfere with B12 status and if they are older they tend not to absorb as much B12 because of reduced HCL production.

10:57  Iron.  Dr. Hedaya looks at serum iron and TIBC (total iron binding capacity) and also the CBC. And he will also look at ferritin levels. 

11:29  Other nutrients.  Fish oil is a very important preventative for depression as is vitamin D status.  Zinc is also a very important nutrient and this needs to be balanced with copper levels. It is also very important to make sure the patient is eating and digesting enough protein, since these amino acids are necessary for neurotransmitter production.

12:12  Thyroid adrenal axis.  Another clinical pearl is the thyroid adrenal axis.  We need to do a thorough physical exam and look for evidence of adrenal insufficiency and low thyroid.  The mean TSH in the US population based off the NIH study is about 1.5, though the upper limit of most labs is 4.5.  When dealing with neuropsychiatric problems you should look to be closer to 1.5 or even 1, esp. for depression.  There’s plenty of evidence that for treatment resistant depression, that hypermetabolic doses of thyroid hormone, particularly T3, will help people come out of depression.  Some of this has to do with SNPs variance in the deiodinse 2 genes that control the conversion of T4 to T3 in the brain.  Dr. Hedaya used to use Armour thyroid, which contains a combination of T4 with some T3 from pigs, but now he uses a combination of synthetic T4 with some T3.  If there is a perceived threat, the body will stop converting T4 to T3 because it perceives that the adrenals can’t handle it.

15:30  Genetics.  There are various genes that you can test for that include NR3C1, FKBP5, CRH receptor 1 and 2, CRH binding protein, these control proteins that control the effective steroids inside your cell at the level of the nucleus.  Dr. Hedaya has found that a lot of his patients have variants in these genes, which means that when you’re stressed for whatever reason and you release cortisol, your cells at the level of the nucleus can’t convert the stress signal efficiently to the genome, and then your genome doesn’t respond properly, and now you’re vulnerable to stress, to immune dysfunction, to depression, and even to suicide.  So these genes are really important since they indicate a genetic cortisol resistance. You can get glucocorticoid resistance from having infections or from over methylation, the different pathways to glucocorticoid resistance and that’s not really recognized. I think that’s part of the reason people are having trouble responding to treatments for Lyme disease, for example, chronic Lyme and certainly chronic long COVID, that’s part of the picture.  Dr. Hedaya likes to run the Opus23 genetic panel, which is offered by Diagnostic Solutions Lab as the GenomicsInsight test, though there is also the Intellxx panel. 

18:18  Gut Health.  The gut is called the second brain and it sends signals to the brain through multiple pathways and of course communication from the brain to the gut.  The gut, the brain, and the endocrine system work together seamlessly.  We are our microbiome and changes to our microbiome can change behavior. 

25:32  Ketogenic diet.  Dr. Hedaya will use a ketogenic diet for certain patients, esp. if they have evidence of having seizures, such as seen on quantitative EEG.  Dr. Hedaya will use an experiment in his office by having a patient consume a couple of tablespoons of MCT oil while in the office and then see how they feel in 30 minutes.  This mimics the types of ketones that are produced by a ketogenic diet.  If the patient notices some improvement, he will lean towards a ketogenic or low carb diet or using MCT or beta-hydroxybutyrate.  Even if he doesn’t use a ketogenic diet, Dr. Hedaya thinks it is important to balance blood sugar by properly balancing healthy proteins and fats with carbs.   He may also recommend 5-HTP to help with serotonin production, though he does not recommend taking tryptophan as this may go down the kynurenic and quinolinic acid pathway and increase glutamate, which can increase anxiety and agitation. 

30:24  HYLANE technology.  Dr. Hedaya has an advanced set of protocols that he uses that includes includes hyperbaric oxygen, EEG-guided laser, and neurogenic exercises that he refers to as HYLANE technology.  Hyperbaric oxygen has been used for many conditions, including for traumatic brain injuries and strokes.  Hyperbaric oxygen does increase oxygen delivery to the tissues, but the main ingredient seems to be the pressure that opens up the capillaries and increases the oxygen perfusion and delivery.  You would not want to use hyperbaric oxygen if the patient has Babesia, as this may increase the growth of Babesia.  Dr. Hedaya also uses EEG-guided laser and he noted that he usually uses a class four laser, either an 810 nm or a 1064 nm.  Approximately 2.6 to 2.8%of the light from the laser will likely penetrate the brain.  The QEEG allows Dr. Hedaya to target the regions of the brain that are the most abnormal.

 



Dr. Robert Hedaya is an MD/Psychiatrist who is board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and he also teaches Functional Medicine approaches to psychiatric disorders with the Institute of Functional Medicine.  He is also a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical Center.  He wrote a number of books, including Understanding Biological Psychiatry, The Anti-depressant Survival Program, and Depression: Advancing the Treatment Paradigm.  He treats patients with psychiatric disorders with a Functional Medicine approach, pharmaceuticals when indicated, and he has now pioneered the use of the HYLANE program, which includes Hyperbaric Oxygen, EEG guided laser, and neural exercises.  His website is WholePsychiatry.com.

Dr. Ben Weitz is available for Functional Nutrition consultations specializing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders like IBS/SIBO and Reflux and also Cardiometabolic Risk Factors like elevated lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure.  Dr. Weitz has also successfully helped many patients with managing their weight and improving their athletic performance, as well as sports chiropractic work by calling his Santa Monica office 310-395-3111. Dr. Weitz is also available for video or phone consultations.

 



 

Podcast Transcript

Dr. Weitz:            Hey, this is Dr. Ben Weitz, host of the Rational Wellness Podcast. I talk to the leading health and nutrition experts and researchers in the field to bring you the latest in cutting edge health information. Subscribe to the Rational Wellness Podcast for weekly updates, and to learn more, check out my website, drweitz.com. Thanks for joining me, and let’s jump into the podcast.

                                Hello, Rational Wellness podcasters. Today, we’ll be discussing integrative psychiatry with Dr. Robert Hedaya. Dr. Robert Hedaya is board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, and he also teaches functional medicine approaches to psychiatric disorders with the Institute of Functional Medicine. He’s a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical Center. He wrote a number of books including Understanding Biological Psychiatry, the Antidepressant Survival Program, and Depression: Advancing the Treatment Paradigm. He treats patients with psychiatric disorders with a functional medicine approach, pharmaceuticals when indicated, and he’s now pioneered the use of the HYLANE program, which includes hyperbaric oxygen, EEG-guided laser, and neural exercises. And now, I’ve been informed that he’s added ketamine therapy to this program. Dr. Hedaya, thank you so much for joining us.

Dr. Hedaya:        Oh, thank you for very much for having me, Ben. It’s a pleasure to be here.

Dr. Weitz:            Absolutely. So you’re a giant in our field. Perhaps you can tell us how you found your way to the functional medicine approach of psychiatry.

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, it’s an interesting question. It’s a story that was unfolding before I knew it, really. It goes back to my very early training in medical school and even in my internship. I was just oriented, I guess, to get to the root causes of things. And when you start to do that, you can’t help but end up in functional medicine. What really propelled me ultimately was my own, after my first book, I was on the edge of chronic fatigue, took a lot out of me, and then I really dove in deeply. And that’s when I discovered what was then called metabolic medicine, which was later changed to functional medicine with Jeff Bland. And that one thing led to another, and I was a psychopharmacologist trained in cognitive behavioral therapy, family systems, et cetera, and doing a lot of psychopharmacology.

                                And then, when I started to bring functional medicine into the neuropsychiatric realm, I was like, after three, four years, I was blown away. I’m like, “Wait a second. I’m not doing this whole medication merry-go-round thing.” Not anti-medicine, but I used to be like, “This isn’t working, try this, add this, all the whole medicine thing.” And everyone’s getting better. I’m like, “Wait, maybe I’m lying to myself.”

                                So after about three years after my second book, I hired a statistician to assess the patients that I had treated for treatment-resistant depression over the course of, I think it was like two years or three years. And just like no cherry-picking, just every sequential patient and see how they did because we track their objective monitoring of their symptoms, et cetera. And it turned out I was not lying to myself. Everyone, 23 patients, the mean Beck Depression inventory when we started was about 34, which is in the severe range, mild part of the severe range. And by 10 months, everyone was normalized, and I only made one change of medication, which was to put someone who was suicide risk on lithium. And other than that, no medication changes, and their diabetes went away, and their osteoporosis went away, and the depression went away, and blah, blah, blah. And I was like, “Holy moly. So this was really pretty astounding.” It really was very powerful.

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, that’s one of the great advantages of functional medicine or lifestyle medicine is not only can you potentially help the problem they’re coming in for it, but you can make their overall health better and reduce their risk of chronic diseases.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yep, absolutely, absolutely.

Dr. Weitz:            So I’d like to pick your brain about some of your insights into the functional medicine approach for psychiatric disorders. And I listened to a discussion you did at a grand rounds at Cleveland Clinic and you had some really great pearls of wisdom I think a lot of people could benefit from. Maybe you can talk a little bit about the functional medicine approach, and if you want, I can ask you some specific questions.

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, I mean, I think the main thing is you have to be a medical detective and your mental set has to be medical detective. And yet I’m very data oriented, so I don’t like to say, “Hey, I think you’ll need some magnesium. I like to know if the magnesium’s low and then it’s low, great, I’ll treat it and then I’ll retest it, make sure I’ve normalized it.” So basically, be a medical detective. The second thing I would say that I’ve learned is that most it’s what we call psychiatric problems, they’re really, I want to be careful how I say this, but I would say they’re not primarily psychological. In other words, there’s a lot of physiology and infections and hormonal problems and genetics and epigenetics and gastrointestinal things, et cetera. There’s a lot of factors going on. And once you normalize those and treat those things, you still have work to do.

                                Some people have character problems that they can work on, but that’s modifiable. Personality and temperament, you’re born with those, but those could be managed. If you’re harm-avoidant and fearful, you’re kind of born with that. I wouldn’t call it psychological, it’s not your fault. It is just like what you’ve been born with. And then, there’s the trauma thing that I wouldn’t even, it is psychological, but it’s put on you by the circumstances. Now, you’ve got to manage that. So the whole idea that, “Oh, you have some psychological problems, there’s something wrong with you.” No, there’s nothing wrong with you. You’re dealing with stuff. You’re climbing up the Mount Everest like we all are with some rocks in your backpack, but there’s nothing wrong with you. The only thing you may need to work on for you is your character and your spiritual development, but the rest of it is stuff that rocks that were put in your backpack, let’s say.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. In other words, the mental realm is directly part of the physical realm. And if you’re physical health is lacking, if you’re lacking in nutrients, if you’re having toxins and infections and other things that are throwing off your physiology, that’s going to be affecting your mind.

Dr. Hedaya:        100%.

Dr. Weitz:            And those are the things that we can easily access and change.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah. Well, my first patient, you can ask how had this happened. Well, one of the very biggest things that happened to me is, I think it was ’84. I was in practice since ’83, training ’79. ’84, I saw this woman, 50-year-old woman with panic disorder, and she had not a great marriage. Her only kid was going off to college, and my assumption was that she was having panic because of separation anxiety of a bad marriage, she might have to leave her marriage, child was leaving, et cetera. Psychotherapy, medications, long story short, one year, she didn’t get better, and it turned out that she had a B12 deficiency with her first injection. Her panic went away, and I was like, “Whoa, this looked so psychological and it wasn’t it.” And that was, I thought, “Wow, what else am I missing?” And there’s obviously hundreds of things that are involved in how the brain functions.

Dr. Weitz:            So I listened to you talk about B12, and you mentioned in that talk at the Cleveland Clinic that a lot of us measure B12. I think conventional doctors look at serum B12, and most of us in the functional medicine world know that’s not a very accurate test, but we think we’re doing better by doing methylmalonic acid and maybe homocysteine, but I think that you have some pearls to tell us about that, right?

Dr. Hedaya:        Yep. So who are your listeners? Are they docs or?

Dr. Weitz:            Well, I think they’re more educated, functional patients, more educated list, people involved with health, but I think a lot of them are functional medicine practitioners.

Dr. Hedaya:        Okay, great. So I’ll go into a little more detail. So if your B12 level is low normal, you probably have B12 deficiency. That’s not so difficult, but most of the time that’s not really the case. We’re looking at what’s the B12 function? So in order to assess that, you’re in the broad scheme of things. You’re looking at two broad categories. You’re looking at the methylation B12 folate, and on the other side you’re looking at the iron, because then what do you want to look at is you want to look at the red blood cell count. Are they tending towards anemia? Maybe not anemic yet, but tending towards anemia. And also, what’s the size of the red blood cells, the mean corpuscular volume? What’s the size?   Now, that’s where the tricky part comes in, because if you’re B12 deficient, your red blood cells will get larger because you need B12 to make red blood cells, and if you’re not making them, they hang around longer and the spleen doesn’t get rid of them, so they get bigger. So you’re can have larger red blood cells because you’re B12 deficient. But if you’re iron deficient, you’re going to have small red blood cells, a microcytic red blood cell, microcytic anemia. And so, here you are, you’re going to have the two offsetting each other. You could have normal size of the red blood cells.  You got to really remember, you always got to look at the iron because it could be masking a B12 deficiency. Then, you of course look at the homocysteine, where is that going? And then, of course, look at medications that people are on. How old are they? If they’re over 50, they’re more likely to have trouble absorbing B12. So I call it a dynamic assessment of B12, and methylmalonic acid only accounts for about 17%, I believe it is, of the level of the, I’ll put it a different way. Methylmalonic acid is only affected by B12. There’s 83% of the methylmalonic acids affected by other factors other than B12, put it that way. So it’s really not a great measure.

Dr. Weitz:            And then, how do you assess iron? Do you look at ferritin? Do you look at serum iron? What are you focusing on?

Dr. Hedaya:        I look at serum iron and TIBC primarily, and just look at what’s the iron and how much binding capacity is there, and basically how much iron is stored on the bus and not active, and how much is free roaming around the streets and the blood vessels. And that’s what I use. Sometimes use the ferritin, but basically those two, and of course, CBC.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. Maybe you could give us some other clinical pearls about the functional medicine approach. How about the importance of fish oil or omega-3s?

Dr. Hedaya:        I would say just the American Journal of Psychiatry did a review of the, what’s the evidence for some nutraceuticals in psychiatry and would come up with vitamin D, very important. Fish oils, very important. These are not treatments for depression, but they’re preventative. Zinc, very important. Zinc has to be managed with copper, and obviously a good balanced diet with adequate levels of protein and ability to digest and absorb your protein. But those are probably the main things there. Another clinical pearl I think is really important is the thyroid adrenal axis when you look at neuropsychiatric problems, and you can’t just say, “Oh, look, the TSH is normal.” You really have to look, well, I look much more thoroughly.

                                So obviously, first of all, physical exam, symptoms of low thyroid adrenal problems, usually adrenal insufficiency. So the physical and symptoms very, very important. Then, you corroborate it with testing. On the thyroid, interestingly, that the mean TSH in the US population about 1.5, that’s based off the NIH study, which is I think it was 16,000 people. So that’s your mean TSH. So as your TSH rises above 1.5, you’re actually going outside of the moving out of the norm. But the upper limit at most labs is 4.5. Some endocrinologists think that it should be 2.5. In neuropsychiatric problems, you definitely want to be closer to 1.4, 1.5, or even one.

                                Now, there’s plenty of evidence for depression, treatment resistant depression, that hypermetabolic doses of thyroid hormone, particularly T3 actually will help people come out of depression. Part of that has to do, I believe, with the genetic vulnerability abnormalities in the deiodinase 2 genetics that control the conversion of T4 to T3 in the brain. We obviously can’t stick a needle in the brain to measure the T3 so we rely on their symptoms and on their genetics. So if they have a lot of SNPs variance in the deiodinase 2 genes, then we’re concerned about that. And the other thing, and it could be too technical, what I would say-

Dr. Weitz:            By the way, on the thyroid, do you often supplement with T3 as well as T4, or do you try to push the ability for the body to convert to T4 and T3 with nutrients?

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, I actually often use a combination of T4, T3. I used to use Armour, for example, but a little concerned, I don’t have evidence for this, a little concerned that you’re taking in, first of all, how do they standardize it? Second of all, you’re taking in proteins that come from an animal, a pig, and are those proteins going to cause any kind of autoimmune reaction for some people? So I say, “Well, let me just give the T4 and T3.” So that’s what I’ve settled down to. And it depends on the conversion. Some people convert, some people don’t convert. You have to look at it. Sometimes the body’s not converting to T3 because it’s protecting the body because the adrenals can’t handle it. So you have to think about that. The adrenal system, probably most people know how that HPA axis works. The thing that I would like to point out is one is that perceived threat, doesn’t have to be a real threat, could be a perceived threat, maybe based on trauma, misperceived, we could say, based on trauma. That can throw off your HPA axis.

Dr. Weitz:            How about the fear of dying from viral infection?

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, it could be anything. It could be anything. And then, on the downside, on the genetic side, very, very interesting. There are genes which you can test for NR3C1, FKBP5, CRH receptor 1 and 2, CRH binding protein, these control proteins that control the effective steroids inside your cell at the level of the nucleus. And it turns out that a lot of my patients, not all, have variants in these genes, which means that when you’re stressed for whatever reason, and you release cortisol, your cells at the level of the nucleus can’t convert the signal, the stress signal efficiently to the genome, and then your genome doesn’t respond properly, and now you’re vulnerable to stress, to immune dysfunction, to depression, to suicide even.  And so, these genes are really important. This is a deep level of, in a way, it’s a cortisol resistance that’s genetic. You can get glucocorticoid resistance from having infections or from over methylation, the different pathways to glucocorticoid resistance and that’s not really recognized. I think that’s part of the reason people are having trouble responding to treatments for Lyme disease, for example, chronic Lyme and certainly chronic long COVID, that’s part of the picture.

Dr. Weitz:            Are you doing a salivary adrenal cortisol test, and what’s your favorite gene panel?

Dr. Hedaya:        So salivary cortisol, that’s fine. I use the DUTCH now, but I used to use diagnostics. They’re fine as well. And for genes, I use something called Opus23. You got to get trained on it, but I just really love it. There are other gene programs. Intellxx is very good, which worth looking into. I haven’t had the time to really look into it, but you get other stuff there that you don’t get in Opus23. But Opus23 is a wonderful tool, just a wonderful tool. And you can get the NR3C1, et cetera, on Opus23, which you cannot as of six months ago anyway, get on Intellxx.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. How about diet? How important is diet for functional medicine approach to psychiatry?

Dr. Hedaya:        So diet’s essential, foundational, and you’re probably not going to get too far without diet. You’re not going to get too far without getting rid of mold if you have mold. Diet’s essential, and obviously everyone has a specific dietary need. It’s a little different for everybody. Diet is essential foundation, really an essential product.

Dr. Weitz:            Gut health?

Dr. Hedaya:        Generally, we start with the gut. Gut is they call it the second brain, and it’s obviously sending signals to the brain through multiple pathways and the brain to the gut. It’s a round trip kind of thing, a two-way street, and not really separate, but that’s the thing. Remember, we used to talk about nature versus nurture, and now we know with epigenetics that there is no nature versus nurture. It’s one thing, it’s seamless, and it’s the same with the gut and the brain and the endocrine system and the brain. And it’s all seamless. Everything’s affecting everything.

Dr. Weitz:            I mean, to some extent, we are our microbiome.

Dr. Hedaya:        To some extent, we are. It’s pretty scary. When you look at the [inaudible 00:19:08] it’s pretty scary. You see some of these studies that show that changes in the microbiome change your behaviors or animal behaviors, at least, social behaviors. Holy moly. Wow.

Dr. Weitz:            And then, every time I think about that, and then I have some patient who just had their colon removed or something because they have Crohn’s, and I think, “Oh, my God. That’s got to affect their long-term health.” And it’s hard to say. What do you think about that? So we haven’t talked about the neurotransmitter theory of depression, which I know has all sorts of issues, but it’s often stated that 80% of the neurotransmitters are produced in the gut, but yet the neurotransmitters in the brain are produced in the brain. So what do we think the relationship between the neurotransmitters in the gut, which seem to have an effect on the neurotransmitters in the brain, how do they interact?

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, that’s a really good question. And in terms of serotonin, probably 95% of serotonin is produced in the gut, the vascular system, other non-brain systems. But in the brain, there are specific areas like the dorsal raphe nucleus, for example, that produces serotonin, and it’s specifically responding to what the body needs, et cetera. So you can’t, I would say, actually, I moderated a debate between Jay Lombard, very bright guy, and one of the people who was running one of the neurotransmitter labs, this might be six, seven years ago, at IFM, I moderated this debate, and we knew this actually when I was at NIH. You cannot look at the urinary neurotransmitters like 5-HIAA and see what’s going on in the brain. It doesn’t tell you anything about the brain because it’s just mostly the body and it doesn’t correlate. For example-

Dr. Weitz:            I thought with serotonin, there was a fairly close correlation.

Dr. Hedaya:        No, no, no, no. For example, at NIH, we used to do this. You had to do a cerebral spinal 5-HIAA level to see and see there’s a correlation with suicide, and there was a correlation there. But in terms of the gut, serotonin is not really a correlation with the brain. This is a Venn diagram, so it’s not a complete, oh, this is-

Dr. Weitz:            But how are they related? Is there some sort of communication? Does some of the serotonin from the gut or the circulation get into the brain because you have leaky brain?

Dr. Hedaya:        So that’s what I was getting. So you have, it’s like a Venn diagram. You have two circles. So what’s the overlap is what you’re asking, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Right.

Dr. Hedaya:        And there is an overlap because connected to everything. So there’s got to be an overlap. But how much is that overlap? I don’t know, I really don’t know. I mean, there are transporters for serotonin in the blood-brain barrier. Sometimes they’re impaired by genetics. Can they be impaired by leaky barrier? They could. They could, certainly. That’s the best I could give you. I don’t know if people ever really studied that. Maybe you have, I don’t know.

Dr. Weitz:            Yeah, I’ve been looking into it, but it’s not clear. Another similar substance that seems to have a similar type of issue is cholesterol. We know that the cholesterol that’s used in the brain, which is essential for producing neurotransmitters, for brain function, is the cholesterol is produced in the brain, and yet we have cholesterol in the body that’s produced in the liver. And then, a lot of us are trying to drive our cholesterol levels down as low as possible to reduce the risk cardiovascular disease. And there seems to be correlation, I’ve seen quite a number of studies showing some correlation between getting your cholesterol levels below a certain level and problems with brain health and increased risk of dementia. And yet others say, “No, no, the cholesterol that’s produced in the brain is totally separate. You’re perfectly healthy driving your Apo B below 40 if you can.”

Dr. Hedaya:        Below 40. I don’t know if you could do that, but-

Dr. Weitz:           Well, you can if you use PCSK9 inhibitors on top of statins.

Dr. Hedaya:        Right. So I think the cholesterol, first of all, just for the listeners, as you know, is the mother molecule of all steroid hormones, and it’s in mitochondria. A lot of these steroids are made actually in mitochondria as well as in adrenal glands, et cetera. Pregnenolone is the next molecule, and then we have the whole sequence down. So it’s a big concern. I don’t know the answer either. Actually, for myself, it’s funny and Bredesen, I was just thinking is my cholesterol okay, it’s normal. But my cardiologist says, “Nah, you got to bring it down.” And he wants to [inaudible 00:24:27] me on one of these inhibitors, and that’s good because they only work in the liver.   But I’m like, “Well, what else is it going to do? And what am I going to do?” And I’m in that quandary myself, and I don’t know the answer to it. Obviously, if you have a family history of a risk of neurodegenerative disease, depression, et cetera, you might want to be more careful. On the other hand, like you said, there are some studies that say, “No, there’s a benefit.” And it’s tough because it’s not like you take it and a week later you notice symptoms. It’s a tough-

Dr. Weitz:           Absolutely. And heart disease is still the number one killer. So we certainly don’t want to minimize that or decrease somebody’s ability to reduce their risk of heart disease. But I know Dr. Bredesen, I’ve talked to him, and he is convinced that statins can have a negative effect on the risk of dementia.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah. So he’s a smart guy, and if he says that, that weighs more in line of be careful. So then, you pick your poison, you want to die of a heart attack.

Dr. Weitz:           Now, have you experimented with a ketogenic diet for psychiatric disorders?

Dr. Hedaya:        Oh, yeah. Well, we use it specifically with certain types of patients. We use it for people who, well, we do the quantitative EEG, for example, and I look very carefully with my patients who had seizures and temporal lobe seizures, and absent seizures, partial complex seizures, fairly common. And so, if we see a signature of that on the qEEG and we have symptoms of that, then we’re going to move towards ketogenic diet, it’s a tough, long-term sell. Obviously, nobody’s going to live on that for… Most people are not going to live on it for 20 years, but we do find it helpful.   And there’s a nice easy test, I think, that I do in my office when I see someone for an evaluation. I’ll have some brain octane, the MCTC, the eight-carbon caprylic acid, MCT oil in my office, and about whatever, an hour into my evaluation which is usually about three, four hours, I’ll say, “Let me give you a trial of this and give them a little, couple of tablespoons of this, teaspoons or whatever,” depending on their gut health because it kills yeast so you can get cramps. And I’ll do this, and then I’ll set my watch for 30 minutes, and then, I’ll ask them how they feel in 30 minutes. And if they say, “My pain is less or my headache went away, or I feel more clearheaded,” then I’m like, “Okay, now I know we’ve got some kind of a mitochondrial problem going on here, and that’s some percentage of your problem.” Gives me a little clue, and I might lean more towards either ketogenic or using more MCT or beta-hydroxybutyrate or something like that.

Dr. Weitz:            Right, because the ketones are produced when you’re on a ketogenic diet, and some of the data shows that the brain works better on a ketogenic diet that it burns ketones instead of sugar. And obviously, blood sugar is a big factor in mood and psychiatric disorders.

Dr. Hedaya:        Absolutely. No question about that because there’s an interesting way of looking at this. Actually, when I was in my training, I saw this most fascinating thing. It was a diabetic guy who went into a diabetic coma, his blood sugar dropped, he went into a coma, and then we put a IV in and give him glucose. As his glucose came up, first he talked like a child, then he talked like an adolescent, then he talked like a young man, then he talked like an adult. I was like, “Wow. It’s like the lower your glucose is, the core parts of your brain that need the glucose, so your animal self, your limbic brain is going to be in charge when your blood sugar’s low.”   That means when you were a kid, if you were afraid or you were angry or aggressive or the world was a dangerous place or whatever, that’s how you’re going to see the world. When your blood sugar comes up, you’ll be more like a rational adult. And this can happen through the day when you hear someone going through mood swings through the day, think blood sugar, think diet 95% of the time.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. So at that point, you can remove the higher glycemic carbohydrates, even if you don’t put them on a full ketogenic diet.

Dr. Hedaya:        And obviously balancing the fats, the carbs, and the proteins balance well, so you keep the blood sugar stable over the course of [inaudible 00:28:58].

Dr. Weitz:            And the importance of proteins and amino acids, because I’ve heard you talk about the importance of tryptophan for producing serotonin.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, yeah. So we never use tryptophan. We use 5-HTP, 5-hydroxytryptophan is the next step because if you’re inflammatory, which most people are, you’re going to take the tryptophan and that’s going to go down the kynurenic and quinolinic acid pathway and increase your glutamate, which causes anxiety and agitation. So you want to use 5-HTP, which bypasses that step because the activation of 2,3 indole dioxygenase. And so, you give 5-HTP, 5-HTP will go down into serotonin, melatonin, et cetera. I never use tryptophan anymore.

Dr. Weitz:            Oh, interesting. I just talked to another doctor who said that he uses 5-HTP during the day sometimes and tryptophan for sleep.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, I would never use tryptophan because of the inflammation. If there’s inflammation, which like I said, almost everybody’s in a pro-inflammatory state, you’re going to drive the glutamate up. Glutamate when it goes too high is neurotoxic actually, and GABA goes down. And so, I used to, when I was at NIH, we actually did a study on tryptophan and blah, blah, blah, but I wouldn’t go near it anymore.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. So let’s get into some of the advanced stuff you’re doing now with some of your patients involving hyperbaric oxygen, EEG-guided laser, et cetera.

Dr. Hedaya:        Okay. What would you like?

Dr. Weitz:            Why don’t we start with hyperbaric oxygen? So what’s the benefit of that and what exactly are we accomplishing with that?

Dr. Hedaya:        Okay, so hyperbaric oxygen is a treatment, obviously has been around for a long time. It is used for air embolism, gas, gangrene, diabetes, wound healing, skin grafts, carbon monoxide part. It’s a long history. Now, it’s being used for traumatic brain injury, strokes, in sports medicine I’m sure you’re probably aware, COVID-19, some tick-borne diseases, PTSD. In Israel, they’re using it a lot. And so, basically how does it work? It actually helps increase the delivery of oxygen to the tissues and nutrients to the tissues, because you’re putting oxygen and pressure to open up those capillaries. There are secondary mechanisms like increased catalase and SOD and glutathione peroxidase, et cetera, but it seems like increasing perfusion, nutrient, oxygen delivery through mainly the main ingredient is the pressure that that seems to increase flexibility of red blood cells as well. And so, you can get healing of tissues.

                                And we have seen actually healing of brain injury, traumatic brain injury years afterwards. It doesn’t mean the tissues are completely normal because you have a TBI, traumatic brain injury. The cell is dead, the cell is dead. But there are cells that are in a liminal state, they’re alive, but they’re barely functional. And those cells actually, you can rehabilitate those cells. And so, we have seen on the qEEG normalization actually of the qEEG pre, post HBOT with TBI. I’m going to be giving a talk at IMMH actually in about a month, show some pictures of the woman who was a really internationally known athlete who was just so clear on her quantitative EEG. You could actually see the line of demarcation, the shock wave from the head injury. And you can see how it healed.

Dr. Weitz:            There’s a number of ways to increase oxygen. So besides hyperbaric oxygen, we have ozone which can be injected or put into the body in different ways. There’s increased, decreased oxygen, training with exercise. I forgot the name of it, but there’s this device where you’re exercising and you increase the oxygen, you decrease the oxygen, and these are other strategies. What do you think about various ways of trying to increase oxygen?

Dr. Hedaya:        I don’t have any training the ozone, so it’s hard for me to comment on it. There’s a limit to what I can learn. So I have been interested in it, but I haven’t really explored it. So it’s hard to really know. The exercise with oxygen, I actually tried it, got this, so they actually sent me the unit and I don’t want to disparage it because maybe great may be great, but my experience wasn’t great with it, so I can’t comment on it. I read a book on it, very detailed book, and it was very impressive. So that’s the limit of my experience with that. So I would say people should explore these things, but the HBOT is something that I like because, well, I’ve used it successfully and I’ve seen rapid responses, and so I’m happy with it. So maybe those things are complimentary, maybe they do different things, or maybe they would supplant HBOT. I’m sorry, I can’t really give you my opinion on that.

Dr. Weitz:            Right. And HBOT, there’s hard chambers, soft chambers. I think I’ve heard you say that you use a soft chamber?

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, we use a soft chamber. I don’t think you need that much pressure. The evidence seems to be 1.4 atmospheres, good for most people. And although we do have some people, I know some people are using hard chambers, obviously have to be a little more careful, et cetera.

Dr. Weitz:            So let’s talk about the-

Dr. Hedaya:        HBOT by the way, you would not want to use if someone has Babesia, which is fairly common, right?

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. Because the oxygen would increase the growth of the Babesia?

Dr. Hedaya:        Right. Exactly.

Dr. Weitz:            And for those who don’t know, Babesia is a microorganism often related to Lyme disease.

Dr. Hedaya:        Right.

Dr. Weitz:            So let’s talk about the EEG-guided laser. Now, there’s a number of, a lot of us in functional medicine world, I’m a chiropractor, a lot of us in the chiropractic world are using lasers. We got class three lasers, we got class four lasers, we got a class three laser. There’s one company that actually has a set-up where you, it’s like a class three laser and it goes around your head. And some practitioners have found good benefits with that. Tell us about the type of laser and why it’s guided by EEG and exactly how that works.

Dr. Hedaya:        Okay, well, so we started out using an 810 nanometer laser class four, and now we use a 1064, sometimes 810. But 1064 seems to penetrate the brain better. And the question is, where do you aim? What are you going to do? Where do you aim?

Dr. Weitz:            And does it penetrate the skull into the brain?

Dr. Hedaya:        Yes, exactly. So Henderson did a very nice study.

Dr. Weitz:            Does it depend on how thick your skull is?

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, it does to some degree. And a lot of people are thick-skulled, right? But Henderson did a very nice study. He found roughly about 2.6, 2.8% of the light from a laser actually penetrates the brain. So you’re at the surface of the brain, you reap and receive about that percentage of the light. And so, now there’s a little debate about whether the LEDs penetrate the brain or not. And I don’t know, I’m up in the air about that. I’ve tried these things with people, I don’t know yet.  There’s some evidence that it does and that people get better. But the problem is that the studies that are published are published by the people who are making the device. So that’s the same problem we have with the pharmaceutical companies, so we don’t know. So what we do though with the QEEG is we can actually map the surface areas of the brain that are abnormal, the nuclei of the brain that are abnormal, the circuitry, specific circuitry and pathways, specific pathways of the brain that are abnormal. And then, we can decide based on that and based on the symptoms where we want to point the laser. And that is obviously more specific and it can be quite astounding actually.

Dr. Weitz:            So give us an example.

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, my first case really, this was 2017 who I was treating her for early dementia, let’s say, or MCI, let’s say. But she had APOE homozygous and strong family history, head injuries and absent seizures, which had never been diagnosed. It had a lot going on, treated her with functional medicine. And then, actually after that, she was much better, but she still had symptoms. And so, what I did is I said, “Well, I finally learned the qEEG.” Actually, if you want, I’ll share my screen. I could show you. This is her qEEG, so basically, well this is a derivative of her qEEG actually. Everything in gray is normal. Everything in yellow or blue is abnormal. Yellow or orange or whatever is unstable and blue is slow.   So what we see here is this is, her eyes are up here, ears are over here, back of the head is here. We’re looking here at the entorhinal cortex here, the base of the brain, the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, occipital. This is the cerebellum. So we’re kind of low at the lower, kind of below your ear lobes with a slice here. This is a side view of the brain here, her eyes, and here is the base of the brain here. And you can see all this gray stuff is normal. This is after functional medicine. And then, this is a slice vertically like this, a coronal section.

                                Here is the hippocampi, which we know in Alzheimer’s and she had those genes, the APOE4 genes. Her hippocampi, clearly abnormal. You can see that here, the hippocampus. And she’s actually 2.7 standard deviations from the mean. So that’s still pretty abnormal after her functional medicine treatment. And here, this is information flow through different areas of the brain from this particular area, you could actually analyze all these lines. The information flow is poor. Here, this excessive attempt at inflammation flow is really doesn’t work very well. And here’s slow information flow, different areas, and this is telling us the different surface areas of the brain. And here, what we’re looking at is 6 hertz, there’s theta. So this is where she was after functional medicine, but before the HYLANE treatment, which in her case was in particular was laser. We did 30 laser treatments and based on a more thorough analysis than this, we decided where to point the laser.

Dr. Weitz:           Now where did you point the laser with her?

Dr. Hedaya:        I was on the left temporal area.

Dr. Weitz:           Why the left temporal area based on that EEG?

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, I’d have to actually, I couldn’t explain it to you from what I just showed you. Really, I’d have to pull up her qEEG and her pathways, which I came up to. But this is after 30 treatments.

Dr. Weitz:           Wow.

Dr. Hedaya:        You see, she’s completely normalized here.

Dr. Weitz:           That’s pretty amazing.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, a little. When I saw this, I came home and I didn’t know. My mind was blown. My mind was blown. Now, here’s really where my mind was blown because after the first laser treatment, the first laser treatment, I treated her for maybe three minutes, four minutes. Then, I brought her into my office to make an appointment the next appointment. And she says, “Oh my, God.” She had an accent. She goes, “Oh my, God. I can remember the face of the person I saw last week. Oh, my God, I remember her wife. I remember the dimple on face.” She was like, and I didn’t know she had facial blindness until that moment.

                                I did not know she had, it’s called prosopagnosia. I did not know she had facial blindness. Now she’s telling me my facial blindness is gone. I’m like, “What?” This was mind-boggling. So I actually had her do this Cambridge facial recognition test, and she came back normal and right here. And then, I was so blown away. We actually published, this is the first case of reversal, of acquired, meaning she wasn’t born with it, prosopagnosia, facial blindness using qEEG guided laser therapy. We published this case. And that’s just one example. That’s the first example. But since then, we’ve reversed partially, like 75% aphasia, visual problems, depression. I could show you, actually, I’ll show you something else here.

Dr. Weitz:           So your approximate amount of time of using the laser on patients is how long?

Dr. Hedaya:        About six years, maybe a little more than.

Dr. Weitz:           And then, when they come in for a treatment, did you say three to four minutes?

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, in her case, it was the first treatment we did very slow, very careful. Usually, it’s a 10 to 20-minute treatment.

Dr. Weitz:            And normally, the laser is just focused in one place and held in that place?

Dr. Hedaya:        No, it’s not held because you don’t want to create excessive heat. You’re going to move it. Right. And it depends on what’s going on because we could treat multiple areas at one time.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay. Do you think a class three laser can have benefit?

Dr. Hedaya:        I don’t know. I don’t know enough about them. What’s the difference between a class four and a class three?

Dr. Weitz:            I think it has to do with power. The class three doesn’t produce a lot of heat and it doesn’t risk injuring the eye, so it’s a little bit easier to use.

Dr. Hedaya:        It’s mainly wattage, but you can get the same nanometers, you can do 1064. It should, you might, obviously the time, how long it takes is longer. So you’re going to have to calculate how much you’re delivering to the tissue. There’s a therapeutic window for this. Now, so if you get too much light, you can actually inhibit ATP production too little. It doesn’t work. So there’s a therapeutic range and you kind of get roughly one to two joules at the tissue level.

Dr. Weitz:            And are you using infrared or red or what color?

Dr. Hedaya:        64. So it’s specifically an 810, so it’s infrared. It’s not invisible.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay, cool. And then, the third part of your program has to do with neural exercises?

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, so neurofeedback is one type of neural exercise. There are other types of neural exercises, so you could use brain training. One of the things I really like is to have people increase their novelty. So for example, he might have somebody, I just assigned this to somebody last week, for a husband to take his wife to a new neighborhood. She has spatial problems. Let her walk around the neighborhood, let her find her way back to the car, and obviously not for hours, give her 15 minutes or something like that. Enjoy the novelty, try new neighborhoods, do that kind of thing. But we use neurofeedback suit because we can actually look at specific networks in the brain and we can say, “Well, how are they doing?” So for example, we might be able to show you here, actually, I’ll show you if you want, I’ll share my screen again here.

Dr. Weitz:            Sure.

Dr. Hedaya:        This would work anyway. Let’s just say for example, this is a guy pre-post laser, so it’s different. But let’s just say that this here on the right here, where this red circle is is a specific network, we’ll call it the salience network. Salience network tells you, “Well, where should I pay attention? Should I pay attention to the world out there or should I pay attention to what’s going on inside?” Like a toggle switch. And in some people, salience network is telling you no pay attention inside, sometimes outside. Then, we have the default mode network, which is your inner world. And then, we have the executive network was outside.  So let’s just say that this is for example, the salience network. Then we treat this with neurofeedback at a specific frequency, and then this would be what it would look like after the neurofeedback, meaning it’s normalized. The black is normal. This means it’s functioning slowly under functioning. Now, as I said, this slide does not really demonstrate that it is specific network, but it is not, we didn’t do neurofeedback. This was after hyperbaric oxygen laser.

                                So I think that it’s like weight training in the gym. We can actually say, “Okay, we can measure what’s going on. Let’s say in your salience network, let’s say it’s overactive or underactive, and we can measure it and we get you to watch a movie. You pick a movie that you like.” And then your brain says, it tags it and says, “Oh, this is a reward. I want to watch this movie.” And so, now, what we do is as that network is doing what we want it to do, you get to watch the movie. And as a network stops doing what we want it to do, the movie kind of gets gray, the sound goes down. And pretty soon after four or five sessions, your brain has figured out, not you, not consciously, your brain has figured out, “I want that. I want to hear the rest of this movie. Oh, I know what I got to do.” And it starts working. It’s like weight training and it starts working and it actually gets stronger. And that’s simply put, that’s neurofeedback.

Dr. Weitz:           Right. We often tell patients if they don’t dance, take a dance class, they take a dance class, take a different dance class, pickleball, do some novel activities.

Dr. Hedaya:        Ballroom dancing is great. Zumba, great. Exactly.

Dr. Weitz:           What do you think about the neural exercises on some of the computer programs?

Dr. Hedaya:        We use them. We use them. The question in my mind has always been, how generalizable are they to the world? They seem to claim that they are. Again, the study’s done by the companies, but we do use them.

Dr. Weitz:           What about some patients say, “Oh, I like to do Sudoku, or I like to play jazz,” things like that?

Dr. Hedaya:        Great.

Dr. Weitz:           Those would qualify as neuro exercise.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah. Also learning another language. And really one of the strongest things is being fluent in another language. If you can really be fluent and use other languages fluently, that’s actually shown to actually reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disease, or at least the onset will show up later.

Dr. Weitz:            I bet you if more people knew other languages, probably reduced the risk of war too because we know more about each other.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, I love that. That’s really true.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay, great. Dr. Hedaya, how can listeners, practitioners, et cetera, get in touch with you? Do you have courses available for training for practitioners?

Dr. Hedaya:        No, we’re treating patients pretty much.

Dr. Weitz:            Okay, great. So how can patients get in touch with you?

Dr. Hedaya:        So patients get in touch with me through the website. It’s like Whole Foods, only it’s Whole Psychiatry, W-H-O-L-E, not H-O-L-E. W-H-O-L-E.

Dr. Weitz:           Are you willing to sell out to Amazon for $2 billion?

Dr. Hedaya:        I don’t know. I’ll consider it.

Dr. Weitz:           So I’m sorry. Whole Psychiatry.

Dr. Hedaya:        Wholepsychiatry.com. There’s a lot of information on the website. It’s a very rich website that we’ve got sample reports, we have videos, we have my radio shows I used to do. We have a lot of stuff. And then, there’s a contact form of people who want to contact. It’s an intensive program, I have to say. We really, really work hard to get to the root causes of things. Sometimes we like to work very intensely. Sometimes we try to get the low hanging fruit, depends on the patient and et cetera. But if you’re looking to get to the root cause and avoid medicine or the medicine’s not working, then that’s our niche.

Dr. Weitz:           Great. Thank you, Dr. Hedaya.

Dr. Hedaya:        Well, thank you very much, Ben. It has really been a pleasure and I have to congratulate you because done a lot of podcasts and you dove deeper than most thank.

Dr. Weitz:           Thank you.

Dr. Hedaya:        Really nice. And that’s a tribute to what you do, because obviously you’re interested in really how things tick. Really, really-

Dr. Weitz:           I am. I pride myself on that. Thank you very much for recognizing that.

Dr. Hedaya:        Yeah, very good. Very good. It was a pleasure.

 


 

Dr. Weitz:            Thank you for making it all the way through this episode of the Rational Wellness Podcast. For those of you who enjoy listening to the Rational Wellness Podcast, I would certainly appreciate it if you could go to Apple Podcasts or Spotify and give us a five star ratings and review. That way, more people will discover the Rational Wellness Podcast, and I wanted to let everybody know that I do have some openings for new patients so I can see you for a functional medicine consultation for specific health issues like gut problems, autoimmune diseases, cardiometabolic conditions, or for an executive health screen, and to help you promote longevity and take a deeper dive into some of those factors that can lead to chronic diseases along the way.  And that usually means we’re going to do some more detailed lab work, stool testing, sometimes urine testing, and we’re going to look at a lot more details to get a better picture of your overall health from a preventative functional medicine perspective. So if you’re interested, please call my Santa Monica Weitz Sports Chiropractic and Nutrition office at 310-395-3111, and we can set you up for a new consultation for functional medicine. I’ll talk to everybody next week.